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Chiropractic Examination

Back Clinic Chiropractic Examination. An initial chiropractic examination for musculoskeletal disorders will typically have four parts: a consultation, case history, and physical examination. Laboratory analysis and X-ray examination may be performed. Our office provides additional Functional and Integrative Wellness Assessments in order to bring greater insight into a patient’s physiological presentations.

Consultation:
The patient will meet the chiropractor which will assess and question a brief synopsis of his or her lower back pain, such as:
Duration and frequency of symptoms
Description of the symptoms (e.g. burning, throbbing)
Areas of pain
What makes the pain feel better (e.g. sitting, stretching)
What makes the pain feel worse (e.g. standing, lifting).
Case history. The chiropractor identifies the area(s) of complaint and the nature of the back pain by asking questions and learning more about different areas of the patient’s history, including:
Family history
Dietary habits
Past history of other treatments (chiropractic, osteopathic, medical and other)
Occupational history
Psychosocial history
Other areas to probe, often based on responses to the above questions.

Physical examination:
We will utilize a variety of methods to determine the spinal segments that require chiropractic treatments, including but not limited to static and motion palpation techniques determining spinal segments that are hypo mobile (restricted in their movement) or fixated. Depending on the results of the above examination, a chiropractor may use additional diagnostic tests, such as:
X-ray to locate subluxations (the altered position of the vertebra)
A device that detects the temperature of the skin in the paraspinal region to identify spinal areas with a significant temperature variance that requires manipulation.

Laboratory Diagnostics:
If needed we also use a variety of lab diagnostic protocols in order to determine a complete clinical picture of the patient. We have teamed up with the top labs in the city in order to give our patients the optimal clinical picture and appropriate treatments.


Enhancing Intervertebral Disc Health: Strategies for Well-being

Enhancing Intervertebral Disc Health: Strategies for Well-being

For individuals who are dealing with back pain and problems, could knowing how to improve and maintain intervertebral disc health help alleviate symptoms?

Enhancing Intervertebral Disc Health: Strategies for Well-being

Intervertebral Disc Health

The spinal column comprises 24 movable bones and 33 bones called vertebrae. The vertebral bones are stacked on top of each other. The intervertebral disc is the cushioning substance between the adjacent bones. (Dartmouth. 2008)

Bones

The vertebral bones are small and round in an area called the vertebral body. In the back is a bony ring from which protrusions extend and arches and pathways are formed. Each structure has one or more purposes and includes: (Waxenbaum JA, Reddy V, Williams C, et al., 2023)

  • Stabilizing the spine.
  • Providing a space for the connective tissue and back muscles to attach.
  • Providing a tunnel for the spinal cord to pass through cleanly.
  • Providing a space where nerves exit and branch out to all areas of the body.

Structure

The intervertebral disc is the cushioning that sits between the vertebrae. The design of the spine allows it to move in various directions:

  • Flexion or bending
  • Extension or arching
  • Tilting and rotation or twisting.

Powerful forces act upon and influence the spinal column to produce these movements. The intervertebral disc absorbs shock during movement and protects the vertebrae and spinal cord from injury and/or trauma.

Ability

On the outside, strong woven fiber tissues form an area called the annulus fibrosis. The annulus fibrosis contains and protects the softer gel substance in the center, the nucleus pulposus. (Y.S. Nosikova et al., 2012) The nucleus pulposis provides shock absorption, flexibility, and pliability, especially under pressure during spinal movement.

Mechanics

The nucleus pulposus is a soft gel substance located in the center of the disc that allows elasticity and flexibility under stress forces to absorb compression. (Nedresky D, Reddy V, Singh G. 2024) The swivel action alters the tilt and rotation of the vertebra above and below, buffering the effects of spinal motion. The discs swivel in response to the direction the spine moves. The nucleus pulposus is made mostly of water, which moves in and out through small pores, acting as byways between the vertebra and disc bone. Body positions that load the spine, like sitting and standing, push the water out of the disc. Lying down on the back or in a supine position facilitates water restoration into the disc. As the body ages, the discs lose water/dehydrate, leading to disc degeneration. The intervertebral disc has no blood supply, which means that for a disc to receive necessary nutrition and for waste removal, it must rely on water circulation to stay healthy.

Care

Some ways of maintaining intervertebral disc health include:

  • Paying attention to posture.
  • Changing positions frequently throughout the day.
  • Exercising and moving around.
  • Applying correct body mechanics to physical activities.
  • Sleeping on a supportive mattress.
  • Drinking plenty of water.
  • Eating healthy.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight.
  • Drinking alcohol in moderation.
  • Quitting smoking.

At Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic, we treat injuries and chronic pain syndromes by improving an individual’s ability through flexibility, mobility, and agility programs tailored for all age groups and disabilities. Our chiropractic team, care plans, and clinical services are specialized and focused on injuries and the complete recovery process. Our areas of practice include Wellness & Nutrition, Acupuncture, Chronic Pain, Personal Injury, Auto Accident Care, Work Injuries, Back Injury, Low Back Pain, Neck Pain, Migraine Headaches, Sports Injuries, Severe Sciatica, Scoliosis, Complex Herniated Discs, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Pain, Complex Injuries, Stress Management, Functional Medicine Treatments, and in-scope care protocols. If other treatment is needed, individuals will be referred to a clinic or physician best suited to their injury, condition, and/or ailment.


Beyond the Surface: Understanding the Effects of Personal Injury


References

Dartmouth Ronan O’Rahilly, MD. (2008). Basic Human Anatomy. Chapter 39: The vertebral column. In D. Rand Swenson, MD, PhD (Ed.), BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY A Regional Study of Human Structure. W.B. Saunders. humananatomy.host.dartmouth.edu/BHA/public_html/part_7/chapter_39.html

Waxenbaum, J. A., Reddy, V., Williams, C., & Futterman, B. (2024). Anatomy, Back, Lumbar Vertebrae. In StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083618

Nosikova, Y. S., Santerre, J. P., Grynpas, M., Gibson, G., & Kandel, R. A. (2012). Characterization of the annulus fibrosus-vertebral body interface: identification of new structural features. Journal of anatomy, 221(6), 577–589. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01537.x

Nedresky D, Reddy V, Singh G. (2024). Anatomy, Back, Nucleus Pulposus. In StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30570994

Structural Mechanics and Movement: Biomechanics Explained

Structural Mechanics and Movement: Biomechanics Explained

For individuals experiencing musculoskeletal issues and pain symptoms, can learning about biomechanics and how it applies to movement, physical training, and performance, help in injury treatment and prevention?

Structural Mechanics and Movement: Biomechanics Explained

Biomechanics

Biomechanics studies all life forms and their mechanical workings.  Many think of biomechanics in sports and athletic performance, but biomechanics helps create and improve technologies, equipment, and injury rehabilitation techniques. (Tung-Wu Lu, Chu-Fen Chang 2012) Scientists, sports medicine doctors, physiotherapists, chiropractors, and conditioning specialists utilize biomechanics to help develop training protocols and techniques to improve therapy outcomes.

Body Movement

Biomechanics studies the movement of the body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together, especially when movement is not optimal or correct. It is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on motion mechanics and analysis of how all the individual parts of the body work together to make up athletic and normal movements. (José M Vilar et al., 2013) Biomechanics includes:

  • Structure of bones and muscles.
  • Movement ability.
  • Mechanics of blood circulation, renal function, and other functions.
  • The study of forces and the effects of these forces on the tissues, fluid, or materials used for diagnosis, treatment, or research. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)

Sports

Sports biomechanics studies motion in exercising, training, and sports, which incorporates physics and the laws of mechanics. For example, the biomechanics of a specific exercise looks at:

  • Body position.
  • Movement of the feet, hips, knees, back, shoulders, and arms.

Knowing the correct movement patterns helps make the most of the exercise while preventing injuries, correcting form mistakes, informing training protocols, and increasing positive results. Understanding how the body moves and why it moves the way it does helps medical professionals prevent and treat injuries, alleviate pain symptoms, and improve performance.

Equipment

Biomechanics is used in the development of physical and sports equipment to improve performance. For example, a shoe can be designed for optimal performance for a skateboarder, long-distance runner, or soccer player. Playing surfaces are also studied for this purpose, such as how the surface stiffness of artificial turf affects athletic performance. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)

Individuals

  • Biomechanics can analyze an individual’s movements for more effective movement during training and games.
  • For example, an individual’s running gait or swing can be filmed with recommendations on what to change to improve.

Injuries

  • The science studies the causes, treatment, and prevention of neuromusculoskeletal injuries.
  • The research can analyze the forces that cause injuries and provide information for medical professionals on how to reduce the risk of injury.

Training

  • Biomechanics studies sports techniques and training systems to develop ways to improve efficiency.
  • This can include research on positioning, release, follow-through, etc.
  • It can analyze and help design new training techniques based on the mechanical demands of the sport, aimed at resulting in better performance.
  • For example, muscle activation is measured in cycling using electromyography and kinematics, which helps researchers analyze factors like posture, components, or exercise intensity that affect activation. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)

Motions

In biomechanics, the body’s motions are referred to from anatomical positioning:

  • Standing upright, with the gaze straight ahead
  • Arms at the sides
  • Palms facing forward
  • Feet spaced slightly apart, toes forward.

The three anatomical planes include:

  • Sagittal – median – Dividing the body into right and left halves is the sagittal/median plane. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane.
  • Frontal – The frontal plane divides the body into front and back sides but also includes abduction, or moving a limb away from the center, and adduction, or moving a limb towards the center in the frontal plane.
  • Transverse – horizontal. – The upper and lower parts of the body are divided by the transverse/horizontal plane. Rotating movements occur here. (American Council on Exercise 2017)
  • Moving the body in all three planes occurs with daily activity. This is why performing exercises in each plane of motion to build strength, function, and stability is recommended.

Tools

Various tools are used to study biomechanics. Studies are usually performed using a device known as electromyography or EMG sensors. Sensors are placed on the skin and measure the amount and degree of muscle fiber activation in certain muscles during test exercises. EMGs can help:

  • Researchers understand which exercises are more effective than others.
  • Therapists know whether patients’ muscles are properly operating and functioning.
  1. Dynamometers are another tool that helps measure muscle strength.
  2. They measure the force output generated during muscle contractions to see if the muscles are sufficiently strong.
  3. They are used to measure grip strength, which can be an indicator of overall strength, health, and longevity. (Li Huang et al., 2022)

Beyond Adjustments: Chiropractic and Integrative Healthcare


References

Lu, T. W., & Chang, C. F. (2012). Biomechanics of human movement and its clinical applications. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 28(2 Suppl), S13–S25. doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.08.004

Vilar, J. M., Miró, F., Rivero, M. A., & Spinella, G. (2013). Biomechanics. BioMed research international, 2013, 271543. doi.org/10.1155/2013/271543

Priego-Quesada J. I. (2021). Exercise Biomechanics and Physiology. Life (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 159. doi.org/10.3390/life11020159

American Council on Exercise. Makeba Edwards. (2017). Planes of Motion Explained (Exercise Science, Issue. www.acefitness.org/fitness-certifications/ace-answers/exam-preparation-blog/2863/the-planes-of-motion-explained/

Huang, L., Liu, Y., Lin, T., Hou, L., Song, Q., Ge, N., & Yue, J. (2022). Reliability and validity of two hand dynamometers when used by community-dwelling adults aged over 50 years. BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 580. doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03270-6

Understanding Spinal Synovial Cysts: An Overview

Understanding Spinal Synovial Cysts: An Overview

Individuals that have gone through a back injury may develop a synovial spinal cyst as a way to protect the spine that could cause pain symptoms and sensations. Can knowing the signs help healthcare providers develop a thorough treatment plan to relieve pain, prevent worsening of the condition and other spinal conditions?

Understanding Spinal Synovial Cysts: An Overview

Spinal Synovial Cysts

Spinal synovial cysts are benign fluid-filled sacs that develop in the spine’s joints. They form because of spinal degeneration or injury. The cysts can form anywhere in the spine, but most occur in the lumbar region/lower back. They typically develop in the facet joints or junctions that keep the vertebrae/spinal bones interlocked.

Symptoms

In most cases, synovial cysts don’t cause symptoms. However, the doctor or specialist will want to monitor for signs of degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, or cauda equina syndrome. When symptoms do present, they typically cause radiculopathy or nerve compression, which can cause back pain, weakness, numbness, and radiating pain caused by the irritation. The severity of symptoms depends on the size and location of the cyst. Synovial cysts can affect one side of the spine or both and can form at one spinal segment or at multiple levels.

Effects Can Include

  • Radiculopathy symptoms can develop if the cyst or inflammation caused by the cyst comes into contact with a spinal nerve root. This can cause sciatica, weakness, numbness, or difficulty controlling certain muscles.
  • Neurogenic claudication/impingement and inflammation of spinal nerves can cause cramping, pain, and/or tingling in the lower back, legs, hips, and buttocks. (Martin J. Wilby et al., 2009)
  • If the spinal cord is involved, it may cause myelopathy/severe spinal cord compression that can cause numbness, weakness, and balance problems. (Dong Shin Kim et al., 2014)
  • Symptoms related to cauda equina, including bowel and/or bladder problems, leg weakness, and saddle anesthesia/loss of sensation in the thighs, buttocks, and perineum, can present but are rare, as are synovial cysts in the middle back and neck. If thoracic and cervical synovial cysts develop, they can cause symptoms like numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness in the affected area.

Causes

Spinal synovial cysts are generally caused by degenerative changes like osteoarthritis that develop in a joint over time. With regular wear and tear, facet joint cartilage/the material in a joint that provides protection, a smooth surface, friction reduction, and shock absorption begins to waste away. As the process continues, the synovium can form a cyst.

  • Traumas, large and small, have inflammatory and degenerative effects on joints that can result in the formation of a cyst.
  • Around a third of individuals who have a spinal synovial cyst also have spondylolisthesis.
  • This condition is when a vertebrae slips out of place or out of alignment onto the vertebra underneath.
  • It is a sign of spinal instability.
  • Instability can occur in any spine area, but L4-5 are the most common levels.
  • This segment of the spine takes most of the upper body weight.
  • If instability occurs, a cyst can develop.
  • However, cysts can form without instability.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Some cysts remain small and cause few to no symptoms. Cysts only need treatment if they are causing symptoms. (Nancy E, Epstein, Jamie Baisden. 2012)

Lifestyle Adjustments

  • A healthcare professional will recommend avoiding certain activities that worsen symptoms.
  • Individuals might be advised to begin stretching and targeted exercises.
  • Physical therapy or occupational therapy may also be recommended.
  • Intermittent use of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories/NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen can help relieve occasional pain.

Outpatient Procedures

  • For cysts that cause intense pain, numbness, weakness, and other issues, a procedure to drain fluid/aspiration from the cyst may be recommended.
  • One study found that the success rate ranges from 0 percent to 50 percent.
  • Individuals who go through aspiration usually need repeat procedures if fluid build-up returns. (Nancy E, Epstein, Jamie Baisden. 2012)
  • Epidural corticosteroid injections can reduce inflammation and could be an option to relieve pain.
  • Patients are recommended to receive no more than three injections per year.

Surgical Options

For severe or persistent cases, a doctor may recommend decompression surgery to remove the cyst and surrounding bone to relieve pressure on the nerve root. Surgical options range from minimally invasive endoscopic procedures to larger, open surgeries. The best surgical option varies based on the severity of the situation and whether associated disorders are present. Surgical options include:

  • Laminectomy – Removal of the bony structure that protects and covers the spinal canal/lamina.
  • Hemilaminectomy – A modified laminectomy where a smaller portion of the lamina is removed.
  • Facetectomy – The removal of part of the affected facet joint where the synovial cyst is located, usually following a laminectomy or hemilaminectomy.
  • Fusion of the facet joints and vertebra – Decreases vertebral mobility in the injured area.
  1. Most individuals experience immediate pain relief following a laminectomy or hemilaminectomy.
  2. Fusion can take six to nine months to heal completely.
  3. If surgery is performed without fusion where the cyst originated, the pain could return, and another cyst could form within two years.
  4. Surgery Complications include infection, bleeding, and injury to the spinal cord or nerve root.

How I Gained My Mobility Back With Chiropractic


References

Wilby, M. J., Fraser, R. D., Vernon-Roberts, B., & Moore, R. J. (2009). The prevalence and pathogenesis of synovial cysts within the ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and radiculopathy. Spine, 34(23), 2518–2524. doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b22bd0

Kim, D. S., Yang, J. S., Cho, Y. J., & Kang, S. H. (2014). Acute myelopathy caused by a cervical synovial cyst. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 56(1), 55–57. doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2014.56.1.55

Epstein, N. E., & Baisden, J. (2012). The diagnosis and management of synovial cysts: Efficacy of surgery versus cyst aspiration. Surgical neurology international, 3(Suppl 3), S157–S166. doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.98576

How to Deal With Burning Feet When Running and Walking

How to Deal With Burning Feet When Running and Walking

Individuals’ feet will heat up when walking or running; however, burning feet could be a symptom of medical conditions like athlete’s foot or a nerve injury or damage. Can awareness of these symptoms help identify solutions to relieve and heal the underlying condition?

How to Deal With Burning Feet When Running and Walking

Burning Feet

Walkers and runners often experience heat in their feet. This is natural from the increased circulation, heart rate, warm or hot sidewalks, and pavement. But the feet could experience an abnormal hot or burning sensation. Usually, the overheating is caused by socks and shoes and fatigue after a long workout. The first self-care steps include trying new or specialized footwear and workout adjustments. If burning feet persist or there are signs of infection, tingling, numbness, or pain, individuals should see their healthcare provider. (Mayo Clinic. 2018)

Footwear

The shoes and how they are worn may be the cause.

  • First, look at the material of the shoes. They could be shoes and/or insoles that don’t circulate air. They can get hot and sweaty without proper air circulation around the feet.
  • When choosing running shoes, consider a mesh material that allows airflow to keep the feet cool.
  • Consider getting fitted for shoes that are the right size, as the feet swell when running or walking.
  • If the shoes are too small, air can’t circulate, creating more friction between the foot and the shoe.
  • Shoes that are too large can also contribute to friction as the feet move around too much.
  • Insoles could also contribute.
  • Some insoles can make the feet hot, even if the shoes are breathable.
  • Swap the insoles from another pair of shoes to see if they are contributing, and if so, look into new insoles.

Tips to help prevent hot feet:

Topical Ointments

  • Use an anti-blister/chafing topical cream to lubricate and protect the feet.
  • This will reduce friction and prevent blisters.

Lace Properly

  • Individuals may be lacing the shoes too tight, constricting circulation, or irritating the nerves at the top of the foot.
  • Individuals should be able to slide one finger under the knot.
  • Remember that the feet will swell as walking or running commences
  • Individuals may need to loosen their laces after warming up.
  • Individuals are recommended to learn lacing techniques that will ensure they are not too tight over the sensitive areas.

Cushioning

  • Fatigue from long workouts or long days standing/moving can result in burning feet.
  • Individuals may need added cushioning in the shoes.
  • Look for work and athletic shoes that have added cushioning.

Shoe Allergies

Individuals may have an allergic reaction or a sensitivity to the fabric, adhesives, dyes, or other chemicals. (Cleveland Clinic. 2023) The chemicals used in production vary for leather compared to fabric and are different by brand and manufacturer.

  • A shoe material allergy may also result in burning, itching, and swelling.
  • It’s recommended to note whether symptoms only happen when wearing a specific pair of shoes.
  • Recommendations are to try different kinds and brands of shoes.

Socks

The sock fabric could be contributing to hot or burning feet. Steps to take can include:

Avoid cotton

  • Cotton is a natural fiber but is not recommended for walking and running as it holds sweat that can keep the feet wet.
  • It is recommended to use socks made of Cool-Max and other artificial fibers that wick sweat away and cool them down.

Wool

  • Wool socks can also cause itching and burning sensations.
  • Consider athletic socks made from itch-free wool.

Mindfulness

  • Individuals could be sensitive to other fabrics or dyes in socks.
  • Take note of which socks cause hot or burning feet symptoms.
  • Individuals could also be sensitive to laundry products and are recommended to try a different brand or type.

Medical Conditions

In addition to shoes and socks, medical conditions could cause and contribute to symptoms.

Athlete’s Foot

  • Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection.
  • Individuals may feel a burning sensation in the affected area.
  • Typically, it is itchy, red, scaling, or cracking.
  1. Rotate shoes.
  2. The fungus grows in damp places, therefore, it is recommended to rotate shoes to allow them to dry out between workouts.
  3. Wash and dry the feet after walking or running.
  4. Try home and over-the-counter solutions, powders, and remedies to treat athlete’s foot.

Peripheral Neuropathy

Individuals frequently experiencing burning feet apart from when they have been exercising could be due to nerve damage known as peripheral neuropathy. (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2023) Peripheral neuropathy symptoms include pins and needles, numbness, tickling, tingling, and/or burning sensations.

Examination

  • Diabetes is one of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy.
  • Diabetes can come on at any age.
  • Individuals need to learn how to protect their feet, as exercise is recommended for diabetes.

Other conditions that can produce peripheral neuropathy include:

  • Vitamin B-12 deficiency
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Circulatory disorders
  • AIDS
  • Heavy metal poisoning

Massage and Movement

  • Massaging the feet also increases circulation.
  • Exercise such as walking is recommended for peripheral neuropathy as it improves circulation to the feet.

Other Causes

Symptoms could also be caused by other conditions including: (Cleveland Clinic. 2023)

Nerve Entrapment

  • Degenerative changes in the spine or back trauma can cause injury/damage to the nerves that can cause pain, tingling, and numbness in the feet.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Compression of the posterior tibial nerve in your lower leg can cause tingling and burning in your feet.

Morton’s Neuroma

  • Morton’s neuroma, which is caused by thickened nerve tissue, can cause pain and burning at the base of the toes.

Autoimmune Diseases

  • Diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Lupus can also cause burning feet.

Self-Care

Adjustments or additions to routines and habits can help.

  1. Don’t walk or run in worn-out shoes.
  2. Protect the feet by using the right socks, foot powder, and ointments, and cover any areas where rubbing and friction occur.
  3. Immediately change out of shoes and socks after exercise, allowing thorough air drying.
  4. This will help reduce the risk of the athlete’s foot fungus growth.
  5. Soak the feet in cool water. Do not use ice, as it could damage the skin.
  6. Soak the feet in Epsom salts to relieve pain and inflammation and dry up blisters.
  7. Elevate the feet after exercising.
  8. Rotate the shoes and socks between workout sessions and during the day.
  9. Try different shoes, socks, and insoles.
  10. Overtraining can worsen symptoms.
  11. Try gradually building on distance while monitoring symptoms.

See a doctor or specialist healthcare provider if symptoms continue and are not associated with walking or running exercise.


Exploring Integrative Medicine


References

Mayo Clinic. (2018). Burning Feet.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2023). Peripheral Neuropathy.

Cleveland Clinic. (2023) Burning Feet Syndrome.

Upper Crossed Syndrome Muscle Health

Upper Crossed Syndrome Muscle Health

Can musculoskeletal therapies treat individuals with upper crossed syndrome to relieve pain, improve posture, and strengthen the muscles in the neck, shoulders and chest?

Upper Crossed Syndrome Muscle Health

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Upper crossed syndrome is a condition in which the muscles of the shoulders, neck, and chest become weak and tight, and is usually brought on from practicing unhealthy posture. Symptoms typically include:

  • Neck stiffness and pulling sensations.
  • Jaw tension and/or tightness
  • Upper back tension, lack of flexibility, stiffness, and aching soreness.
  • Neck, shoulder, and upper back pain.
  • Tension headaches
  • Rounded shoulders
  • Hunched spine

Upper Crossed Syndrome and Posture

  • The condition affects healthy posture by creating imbalanced muscles between the upper back and chest.
  • The tight short muscles in the upper chest get overly stretched and remain in a semi-contracted state pulling on the back muscles.
  • This causes the muscles in the upper back, shoulders, and neck to get pulled and weaken.
  • The result is a hunched back, forward shoulders, and protruded neck.
  • The specific muscles affected include the trapezius and the levator scapula/side of the neck muscles. (Hospital for Special Surgery. 2023)

Individuals having back pain lasting two weeks or longer are recommended to consult a spine specialist or healthcare provider to examine and determine the cause of the pain symptoms. (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2023)

Lingering Pain

  • The imbalances in muscle activation and movement and unhealthy posture all contribute to the symptoms.
  • The syndrome is characterized by chronic stiffness, tension, pain, and increasing immobility of the chest and shoulder muscles.
  • Over time the tightness and pulling, combined with weakness can lead to shoulder joint damage. (Seidi F, et al., 2020)

Causes

There are certain activities and jobs that can contribute to the development and worsening of the syndrome. Factors that worsen symptoms include: (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2023) – (Seidi F, et al., 2020)

  • Physical trauma/injury to any of the muscle regions.
  • Occupations with high amounts of physical exertion, heavy lifting, and injury risks.
  • Practicing incorrect postures and positioning.
  • Jobs requiring extended periods of sitting and/or standing.
  • Inactivity and/or sedentary lifestyle.
  • Over athletic activity.
  • Smoking.

However, the syndrome is preventable and manageable.

Therapies

Working with a chiropractor and physical massage therapy team can help determine and develop a personalized treatment plan that is the most effective and suitable. A chiropractic and physical therapist will provide several options, which can include: (Cedars-Sinai. 2022) – (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2023) – (Bae WS, et al., 2016)

  • Bracing
  • Massage therapy to increase circulation, relax, and retrain the muscles.
  • Chiropractic adjustments for spinal realignment and posture retraining.
  • Non-surgical mechanical traction and decompression therapy.
  • Kinesiology taping – recovery and preventive.
  • Posture retraining.
  • Muscle movement training.
  • Exercises targeting soft tissues and joints.
  • Core strengthening.
  • Steroid injections to a specific area.
  • Prescription anti-inflammatory medication for pain symptoms – short-term.
  1. Individuals may be advised by the chiropractic therapy team to avoid too much bed rest and to limit or avoid activities that can cause pain or worsen symptoms. (Cedars-Sinai. 2022)
  2. Studies have shown chiropractic spinal manipulation effectively reduces neck, spine, and low back pain symptoms. (Gevers-Montoro C, et al., 2021)

Self Management

There are ways to self-manage upper-crossed syndrome and associated symptoms. Common techniques include: (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2023) – (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2023)

  • Practicing correct posture.
  • Increasing or decreasing physical activity as recommended by the therapy team.
  • Using ice or heat packs to relieve pain and increase circulation to promote muscle rehabilitation and healing.
  • Using topical pain creams or gels.
  • Over-the-counter nonsteroidal – NSAIDs, like Advil or Motrin and Aleve.
  • Muscle relaxants to relieve tension short-term.

Enhance Your Lifestyle


References

Hospital for Special Surgery. Move with the purpose to combat upper and lower crossed syndromes.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Back pain.

Seidi, F., Bayattork, M., Minoonejad, H., Andersen, L. L., & Page, P. (2020). Comprehensive corrective exercise program improves alignment, muscle activation, and movement pattern of men with upper crossed syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific reports, 10(1), 20688. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77571-4

Bae, W. S., Lee, H. O., Shin, J. W., & Lee, K. C. (2016). The effect of middle and lower trapezius strength exercises and levator scapulae and upper trapezius stretching exercises in upper crossed syndrome. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(5), 1636–1639. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1636

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Back pain.

Cedars-Sinai. Back and neck pain.

Gevers-Montoro, C., Provencher, B., Descarreaux, M., Ortega de Mues, A., & Piché, M. (2021). Clinical Effectiveness and Efficacy of Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation for Spine Pain. Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2, 765921. doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2021.765921

Glute Muscle Imbalance: El Paso Back Clinic

Glute Muscle Imbalance: El Paso Back Clinic

The gluteal muscles/glutes comprise the buttocks. They are a powerful muscle group that consists of three muscles. The gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The glute muscles help power physical performance and daily movements like walking, standing, and sitting and help to prevent injuries to the core, back, abdominal muscles, and other supporting muscles and tissues. Individuals can develop a glute imbalance where one side becomes more dominant and activates more or is higher than the other. An imbalance that is not addressed can lead to further muscle imbalance, posture problems, and pain issues. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic can develop a personalized treatment plan to relieve symptoms and restore alignment, balance, and health.

Glute Muscle Imbalance: EP's Chiropractic Team

Glute Muscle Imbalance

Strong, healthy glutes promote lumbopelvic stability and rhythm, meaning they keep the low back and pelvis in correct alignment to prevent strains and injuries. Glute imbalance occurs when one side of the glutes is larger, stronger, or more dominant. Glute imbalances are common and part of normal human anatomy, as the body is not perfectly symmetrical. Shifting and utilizing the more dominant side when taking on weight or picking up objects is normal, so the one side gets bigger. Just as an individual prefers one hand, arm, and leg over another, one glute side can work harder and become stronger.

Causes

There are several causes of glute muscle imbalance, including:

  • Anatomical variations- Everyone has uniquely shaped muscles, attachment points, and nerve pathways. These variations can make one side of the glutes more dominant or stronger.
  • Unhealthy posture.
  • Back pain symptoms can cause individuals to take on unhealthy postures and positioning, like leaning on one side.
  • Pre-existing injuries.
  • Inadequate rehabilitation from a previous injury.
  • Nerve injuries.
  • Ankle sprains can lead to reduced glute activation.
  • Improper training
  • Leg length discrepancies
  • Atrophy
  • Spine condition
  • Job occupation
  • Sports factors may prioritize one side of the body over the other.

Shifting the Body

When pain presents in one body area, signals are sent to caution the other muscles to contract/tighten as a protective mechanism to prevent further injury. These changes alter movement patterns, leading to muscular imbalances in the glutes and other areas. Individuals who do not rehabilitate from an injury properly can be left with an imbalance.

Chiropractic Relief and Restoration

This condition needs to be addressed to prevent further injuries and issues with posture. Treatment varies depending on the individual and the extent of the problem. A treatment plan to prevent and improve some forms of glute imbalance may include the following.

  • Spinal decompression will stretch out the body and muscles to a workable position.
  • Therapeutic massage will relax the muscles and increase blood flow.
  • Chiropractic adjustments to realign the spine and body.
  • Targeted stretches and exercises will be provided to maintain alignment.
  • Unilateral training or training one side of the body at a time can help build and strengthen the weaker side.
  • Core strengthening can work out the differences on both sides of the body.

Chiropractic Approach for Pain Relief


References

Bini, Rodrigo Rico, and Alice Flores Bini. “Comparison of linea alba length and core-muscles engagement during core and lower back orientated exercises.” Journal of Bodywork and movement therapies vol. 28 (2021): 131-137. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.006

Buckthorpe, Matthew, et al. “ASSESSING AND TREATING GLUTEUS MAXIMUS WEAKNESS – A CLINICAL COMMENTARY.” International Journal of sports physical therapy vol. 14,4 (2019): 655-669.

Elzanie A, Borger J. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Gluteus Maximus Muscle. [Updated 2023 Apr 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538193/

Liu R, Wen X, Tong Z, Wang K, Wang C. Changes of gluteus medius muscle in the adult patients with unilateral developmental hip dysplasia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13(1):101. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-101

Lin CI, Khajooei M, Engel T, et al. The effect of chronic ankle instability on muscle activations in lower extremities. Li Y, ed. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(2):e0247581. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247581

Pool-Goudzwaard, A. L. et al. “Insufficient lumbopelvic stability: a clinical, anatomical and biomechanical approach to ‘a-specific’ low back pain.” Manual therapy vol. 3,1 (1998): 12-20. doi:10.1054/math.1998.0311

Vazirian, Milad, et al. “Lumbopelvic rhythm during trunk motion in the sagittal plane: A review of the kinematic measurement methods and characterization approaches.” Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation vol. 3 (2016): 5. doi:10.7243/2055-2386-3-5

Paresthesia: El Paso Back Clinic

Paresthesia: El Paso Back Clinic

The nervous system communicates with the entire body and reacts to internal and external changes using electrical and chemical impulses to send and receive messages. Messages travel/synapse from one neuron to another using specialized chemicals known as neurotransmitters. Paresthesia refers to sensations of numbness, tingling, prickling, skin crawling, itching, or burning, usually in the arms, hands, legs, and/or feet, but can affect other areas of the body. Chiropractic care, massage therapy, decompression therapy, and functional medicine can relieve tissue and nerve compression, improve flexibility, range of motion, and mobility, and strengthen the muscles surrounding the affected nerve to maintain optimal health and prevent worsening or further injury.

Paresthesia: EP's Chiropractic Specialist Team

Paresthesia

The sensation comes on without warning and is usually painless and described as tingling or numbness. There are different causes of paresthesia, including:

  • Compressed or pinched nerve.
  • Nerve injury.
  • Nerve damage from diabetes.
  • High levels of vitamin D or other vitamins.
  • High blood pressure.
  • Infection.
  • Fibromyalgia.
  • Multiple sclerosis.
  • Stroke.
  • Tumor in the spinal cord or brain.

Some individuals have chronic or long-term paresthesia, which can be a sign of a more serious nerve injury or condition. Added physical stress can cause surrounding tissues to irritate or entangle the nerve leading to building pressure. This pressure causes paresthesia in the area interrupting circulation and function. A pinched nerve can happen anywhere in the body, like the neck, shoulder, wrist, back, and face.

  • A herniated disc in the lower spine can cause back pain and paresthesia in the leg or foot on the affected side.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is a pinched nerve in the wrist that causes numbness and tingling in the hand and fingers.
  • Pinched nerve symptoms can be intermittent or constant.
  • Usually, a temporary sensation is caused when pressure is placed on the affected nerve.
  • Once that pressure is relieved, the discomfort goes away.

Individuals with an Increased Risk

Overuse Injury

  • Individuals with jobs or hobbies requiring repetitive motions are at a higher risk for nerve compression, paresthesia, or injury.
  • Anyone can get a pinched nerve, and most individuals will experience paresthesia at some point.

Prolonged Lying Down

Obesity

  • Extra weight places added pressure on nerves.

Diabetes

  • Diabetes can cause nerve and tissue damage.

Pregnancy

  • Weight and water gain can cause swelling and increase pressure on nerves.

Thyroid Disease

  • This puts individuals at risk for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Rheumatoid arthritis

  • This causes inflammation, which can also compress nerves in the joints.

Diagnosis

To diagnose paresthesis, a doctor will look at the individual’s medical history and ask questions about the symptoms. They will perform a physical examination and, depending on the findings, may recommend tests that can include:

Nerve Conduction Study

  • This measures how fast nerve impulses travel in the muscles.

Electromyography – EMG

  • To look at the electrical activity of how nerves and muscles interact.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI

  • This looks at the different areas of the body in high definition.

Ultrasound

  • Used to produce images, this can be applied to the smaller areas to look for nerve compression or damage.

Chiropractic

Treatment options depend on the cause of the paresthesia. Body misalignments can cause nerve interference that can lead to health problems such as migraines, or can disrupt nerve communication and block proper circulation. Chiropractic care focuses on treating the nervous system and is a safe and effective method for treating nerve problems that cause discomfort and sensations. After a thorough examination of problem areas, massage, decompression, and chiropractic adjustments will:

  • Realign and restore proper nerve function.
  • Restore proper blood circulation.
  • Increase the function of the body’s systems.
  • Promote optimal levels of health and wellness.

The Science of Motion


References

Bova, Joseph, and Adam Sergent. “Chiropractic management of a 24-year-old woman with idiopathic, intermittent right-sided hemiparesthesia.” Journal of chiropractic medicine vol. 13,4 (2014): 282-6. doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2014.08.002

Christensen, Kim D, and Kirsten Buswell. “Chiropractic outcomes for managing radiculopathy in a hospital setting: a retrospective review of 162 patients.” Journal of chiropractic medicine vol. 7,3 (2008): 115-25. doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2008.05.001

Freihofer, H P Jr. “Parästhesien” [Paresthesia]. Schweizerische Monatsschrift fur Zahnheilkunde = Revue mensuelle suisse d’odonto-stomatologie vol. 89,2 (1979): 124-5.

Karne, Sampada Swapneel, and Nilima Sudhakar Bhalerao. “Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Hypothyroidism.” Journal of Clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR vol. 10,2 (2016): OC36-8. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/16464.7316