Neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is a result of damage to peripheral nerves. This often causes weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other areas of your body. The peripheral nervous system sends information from the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) to the rest of the body. It can result from traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes and exposure to toxins. One of the most common causes is diabetes mellitus. People generally describe the pain as stabbing, burning or tingling. Symptoms can improve, especially if caused by a treatable condition. Medications can reduce the pain of peripheral neuropathy. It can affect one nerve (mononeuropathy), two or more nerves in different areas (multiple mononeuropathies) or many nerves (polyneuropathy). Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example of mononeuropathy. Most people with peripheral neuropathy have polyneuropathy. Seek medical attention right away if there is unusual tingling, weakness or pain in your hands or feet. Early diagnosis and treatment offer the best chance for controlling your symptoms and preventing further damage to the peripheral nerves. Testimonies http://bit.ly/elpasoneuropathy
Approximately 100 trillion bacteria are found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus, among many others. These microscopic organisms, known as the microbiome, help digest food, process nutrients, and produce immune molecules which helps heal injuries and fight inflammation. Surprisingly, however, the gut microbiome plays a much more fundamental role in the brain.
Although the brain and the gastrointestinal tract seem to be two independent parts of the human body, they are actually connected through a series of biochemical communications between nerve cells and immune pathways, known as the gut-brain axis. Bacteria create neuroactive compounds in the gut, including up to 90 percent of all of our neurotransmitter serotonin, which ultimately helps control our mood. Moreover, the brain also sends signals to the digestive system, by way of instance, to stimulate or suppress digestion. In the article below, we will discuss the brain and the gut microbiome connection.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Health
A healthy microbiome consists of a diverse variety of species that protects against having one specific community from dominating and causing trouble in our gut and brain. Changes in the microbiome are believed to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease, autism, and cancer. Researchers have demonstrated that an altered microbiome may also contribute to the development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, among other health issues.
“The role of the gut microbiome in brain health and neurological diseases is an exciting area at the forefront of science, however, the field is in its infancy,” stated Dr. William Depaolo, a UW Medicine gastroenterologist and director of the UW Center for Microbiome Sciences & Therapeutics. “I think about the gut microbiome like a biologist thinks about the deep sea. We know there’s something down there but we finally have the technology to help us see who’s actually there and how they are influencing our bodies and brains.” Furthermore, advanced technologies allow researchers to identify species in the gut as well as analyze the bacterial genes and protein products that affect brain health, among a variety of other fundamental systems throughout the human body.
Recently, NIH-funded research studies conducted at the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center evaluated the microbiomes of people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. The team of researchers, led by Barbara Bendlin, Ph.D., and Frederico Rey, Ph.D., collected stool samples from participants and utilized genetic sequencing technology to identify the bacterial species present as well as determine the microbial richness and diversity. The researchers found that people living with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia have a much different and less diverse community of gut microorganisms than participants without neurological disease. Additionally, the microbiomes of people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia showed increases and decreases in common gut bacteria, especially reduced Bifidobacterium species, an essential inhabitant of a healthy gut. The researchers also found a connection between the abnormal levels of these microbe families and the amount of Alzheimer’s disease/dementia proteins in the participants’ spinal fluid.
The authors of the research study suggest that the unique, gut microbiome of people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia could be contributing to the progression of the neurological disease through the gut-brain axis. Clinical trial findings in human and mouse models ultimately help demonstrate the hypothesis that restoring healthy gut bacteria composition could perhaps prevent or slow down Alzheimer’s disease and dementia in at-risk populations.
“We understand that diet can profoundly affect the microbiome,” stated Dr. Depaolo, whose UW lab analyzes the effects of the gut microbiome on overall health and wellness. “We also know that bacterial cells are more sensitive to medicine than human cells, so we can target them without affecting human cells. There is a lot of excitement in utilizing multi-omics technology to identify microorganisms that we could promote in specific people or find strategies to manipulate the microbiome.” However, as with all attempts to create precise, targeted therapeutics for neurological diseases, it often involves genetics.
How Genes Affect the Gut-Brain Axis
The composition of every person’s gut microbiome is unique, created in early life by diet and environmental factors over an extended period of time. However, it is our genetic background which promotes the effects that bacteria have in our gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Moreover, it is the bacteria themselves which express a variety of different genes to make proteins that may ultimately predispose certain individuals to gut inflammation or other health issues. By way of instance, in a recent NIH-funded research study conducted by researchers in the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium, the researchers suggested that Corynebacterium actually promotes the development of Parkinson’s disease but only in specific types of people with a specific type of genotype.
The research study focused on looking at the gene SNCA rs356219, a well-known genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. According to evidence, however, it’s not strong enough to cause the neurological disease by itself. But researchers have suspected a possible trigger for many years. In the research study led by Dr. Zachary Wallen, Ph.D., and Dr. Haydeh Payami, Ph.D., of the University of Alabama, researchers utilized blood samples from 197 middle-aged patients with Parkinson’s disease as well as 115 age-matched controls and determined the “genotype,” or version, of SNCA rs356219. (Humans have one of three genotypes of SNCA rs356219: including AA, GA, or GG.) Furthermore, the researchers also extracted DNA from stool samples to see what type of gut bacteria they had and then they looked for interactions between the SNCA rs356219 genotype, gut microbiome, and Parkinson’s disease risk.
The team of researchers found that people with the GG genotype had the most amount of Corynebacterium. Every person who had the GG genotype and Corynebacterium in their digestive system also had Parkinson’s disease. “Could there be something about the GG genotype that affects or jumpstarts this bacterium’s production of disease proteins in the gut?” the researchers asked. Corynebacterium is a common bacterium found on human skin and researchers don’t know how it enters the gut, why several people have more of it than others, or if it could be a target for an antibiotic. The clinical trial findings were presented at the 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association. Further research studies are still ultimately required.
Although the research study needs to be replicated in a much larger population, the clinical trial findings demonstrate how fundamental it is to consider a patient’s genetic factors in gut microbiome research studies. “The issue of genetic influence cannot be ignored in this field,” says Dr. Depaolo. “We don’t yet know how genetics influence the microbiome, or how genes in bacteria are regulated. Before we start giving bacteria, antibiotics, or fecal transplants to people, we need to address the very basic question of how different genetic backgrounds can affect the microbiome as well as overall health and wellness.”
Probiotics for Gut and Brain Health
Although we can’t change our genes, we can change our environmental factors and diet to support our microbiome as we age. Consuming fermented foods has several benefits in gut and brain health, especially for people on antibiotic medicines. These include foods that are rich in healthy probiotic bacteria, such as yogurt, kefir, kombucha, sauerkraut, and kimchi. Common foods that then feed the healthy gut bacteria include garlic, onions, Jerusalem artichoke, leeks, asparagus, bananas, barley, oats, apples, cocoa, wheat bran, burdock root, and flaxseeds, among several other prebiotics or prebiotic foods.
“To get your microbiome into the best composition you can, I think it’s reasonable to make sure you get enough fiber into your diet,” stated Dr. Angela Hanson, MD, research scientist and geriatrician at UW Memory and Brain Wellness Center. “Consider eating yogurt with active cultures, or any other foods rich in healthy probiotics, and talking to your doctor about the possibility of taking probiotic supplements if you need to be on antibiotics for an infection.”
There’s an entire list of questions to answer before diet advice can get more specific than simply consuming yogurt: How does diet affect the microbiome long-term? How long does it take to permanently change the gut microbiome? Can healthy bacteria in fermented foods actually establish long-lasting communities in the gut? There have been fewer research studies on the effects of fermented foods or probiotic supplements that aren’t FDA approved.
Consuming healthy bacteria can have a lot of health benefits. “Probiotics do stimulate immune and epithelial cells and produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids in the digestive system, which can help keep gut inflammation from getting out of control,” stated Dr. Depaolo. “However, simply taking just any probiotic won’t replace a community of Lactobacillus after you’ve lost it. You would have to take a probiotic that’s best for your individual needs.”
Individualized probiotics don’t exist yet, however, the microbiome is starting to be considered in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia research studies, mainly through the NIH-funded Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolomics Consortium. In addition, NIH Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers around the country are collecting microbiome samples of research study participants, in support of efforts to finally map the microbiome gut-brain communication axis in people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Our microbiome has kept us alive for many years and the 100 trillion microorganisms still need a little more help.
Brain health issues and neurological diseases can happen due to a variety of factors. However, recent research studies have shown that the gut microbiome can ultimately affect overall brain well-being. The gut-brain axis is the physical and chemical connection between the gut and brain. Millions of neurons are found throughout the brain and gut where neurotransmitters and other chemicals created in the gut can also affect brain health and wellness. However, by changing the types of bacteria in the gut, it may be possible to improve overall brain well-being. A naturopathic doctor or chiropractor can help assess the source of a patient’s symptoms and determine the best course of treatment for the neurological diseases. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
Approximately 100 trillion bacteria are found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus, among many others. These microscopic organisms, known as the microbiome, help digest food, process nutrients, and produce immune molecules which helps heal injuries and fight inflammation. Surprisingly, however, the gut microbiome plays a much more fundamental role in the brain. Although the brain and the gastrointestinal tract seem to be two independent parts of the human body, they are actually connected through a series of biochemical communications between nerve cells and immune pathways, known as the gut-brain axis. Bacteria create neuroactive compounds in the gut, including up to 90 percent of all of our neurotransmitter serotonin, which ultimately helps control our mood. Moreover, the brain also sends signals to the digestive system, by way of instance, to stimulate or suppress digestion. In the article above, we discussed the brain and the gut microbiome connection.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
DePaolo, William, and Angela Hanson. “The Gut Microbiome and Brain Health.” The Gut Microbiome and Brain Health – Memory and Brain Wellness Center, Dimensions Magazine, 4 Oct. 2018, depts.washington.edu/mbwc/news/article/the-gut-microbiome-and-brain-health.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you get irritable, shaky, or have light-headedness between meals? How often do you have difficulty concentrating before eating? How often do you feel agitated, easily upset, and nervous between meals? Many researchers and healthcare professionals believe that your brain and gut are connected. Moreover, recent research studies have demonstrated that the brain can affect gut health and the gut can affect brain health. The communication system between your brain and gut is known as the gut-brain axis. In the following article, we will discuss the gut-brain axis.
Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis
The gut-brain axis is the communication network that connects your gut and brain. These two fundamental organs are both physically and biochemically connected in a variety of different ways. The neurons and the vagus nerve are essential for the brain and central nervous system (CNS). There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain. The gut itself also contains about 500 million neurons, all of which are connected to the brain through nerves found in the nervous system. The vagus nerve is one of the largest nerves connecting the gut and brain. It sends signals in both directions.
By way of instance, in several animal research studies, stress can ultimately affect the signals sent through the vagus nerve and it can also cause gastrointestinal health issues. Another research study conducted on humans found that people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Crohn’s disease had decreased vagal tone which suggests the decreased function of the vagus nerve. One research study in mice found that feeding them a probiotic reduced the amount of stress hormone in their blood. According to the research study, however, when the vagus nerve was cut, the probiotic had no effect.
The brain and gut are also ultimately connected through chemicals known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters created in the brain help regulate mood, including feelings and emotions. Furthermore, the neurotransmitter known as serotonin can help manage happiness and it also helps control the circadian rhythm or the human body’s internal clock. Surprisingly, many of these neurotransmitters are also created by the cells and the trillions of microbes living in the gut. A large amount of serotonin is developed in the gut. Gut microbes also produce a neurotransmitter known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which helps regulate feelings of fear and anxiety. Research studies in mice found that probiotics increase GABA and decrease anxiety and depression.
Brain, Gut Microbes, and Other Chemicals
The trillions of microbes that live in your gut can also make a variety of other different chemicals that may ultimately affect your brain function. Gut microbes create many short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including butyrate, propionate, and acetate. Furthermore, these can ultimately make SCFA by digesting fiber. SCFA can also affect overall brain function in a variety of different ways, such as by reducing appetite. One research study found that consuming propionate can help reduce food intake and reduce activity in the brain associated with the reward of high-energy food. Butyrate, another SCFA, and the microbes that develop it are also fundamental for producing the protective shield between the brain and the blood, known as the blood-brain barrier.
Gut microbes can also help metabolize bile acids and amino acids to create a variety of other different chemicals that affect brain function. Bile acids are chemicals produced by the liver which is generally associated with the absorption of dietary fats. However, these may also ultimately affect the brain. Two research studies in mice found that stress and several health issues decreased the production of bile acids by gut bacteria and these can also change the genes involved in their production. According to researchers and healthcare professionals, the gut-brain axis may also be affected by chronic inflammation.
Gut-Brain Axis and Inflammation
According to several research studies, the gut-brain axis is also connected to the immune system. Evidence found in clinical trials demonstrated that the gut and gut microbes play an essential role in the immune system and inflammation by regulating and managing what passes through the human body as well as what is excreted from the human body. If the immune system continues to stay activated for an extended period of time, it can lead to inflammation, which is associated with a variety of different brain health issues, including depression and Alzheimer’s disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an inflammatory toxin created by several types of bacteria. It can ultimately cause inflammation if too much of it passes from the gut into the blood. This can happen when the gut becomes leaky, which allows bacteria and LPS to enter into the blood. Inflammation and high LPS have been associated with brain health issues, such as severe depression, dementia, and schizophrenia. Leaky gut can affect the blood-brain barrier and change the gut-brain axis.
Gut bacteria can ultimately affect overall brain health and wellness, therefore, changing your gut bacteria may improve brain well-being. Probiotics are live bacteria that provide many health benefits. However, not all probiotics are the same. Probiotics that affect the brain are generally known as “psychobiotics”. Several probiotics have been demonstrated to help improve symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. One small research study conducted on people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mild-to-moderate anxiety or depression found that taking a probiotic called Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 for six weeks considerably helped improve their symptoms. Prebiotics, or fibers fermented by gut bacteria, may also affect brain health. One research study found that taking a prebiotic called galactooligosaccharides for three weeks considerably reduced stress hormones in the human body, known as cortisol.
Brain health issues and neurological diseases can happen due to a variety of factors. However, recent research studies have shown that leaky gut can ultimately affect overall brain health and wellness. The gut-brain axis is the physical and chemical connection between the gut and brain. Millions of neurons are found throughout the brain and gut where the neurotransmitters and other chemicals created in the gut can also affect the brain. However, by altering the types of bacteria in the gut, it may be possible to improve overall brain health and wellness. A naturopathic doctor or chiropractor can help assess the source of a patient’s symptoms and determine the best course of treatment for the health issue or medical condition. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
How often do you get irritable, shaky, or have light-headedness between meals? How often do you have difficulty concentrating before eating? How often do you feel agitated, easily upset, and nervous between meals? Many researchers and healthcare professionals believe that your brain and gut are connected. Moreover, recent research studies have demonstrated that the brain can affect gut health and the gut can affect brain health. The communication system between your brain and gut is known as the gut-brain axis. In the article above, we discussed the gut-brain axis.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
Robertson, Ruairi. “The Gut-Brain Connection: How It Works and the Role of Nutrition.” Healthline, 27 June 2018, www.healthline.com/nutrition/gut-brain-connection.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you feel more susceptible to pain? Autoimmune brain diseases, such as autoimmune encephalitis and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis, can tremendously affect an individual’s overall physical and mental health. And, because many of the symptoms can vary from person to person, it can frequently be challenging to diagnose an autoimmune brain disease. Early diagnosis is fundamental for early treatment, as many of the symptoms may ultimately be reversible.
What is Autoimmune Brain Disease?
Autoimmune brain disease happens when the human body’s own immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues in the brain and/or spinal cord, ultimately causing chronic pain and inflammation. Chronic pain and inflammation may then affect brain structure and function, resulting in a variety of symptoms commonly associated with autoimmune brain disease.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Brain Disease
Individuals affected by autoimmune brain diseases can develop a variety of symptoms, including a decline in the participation and engagement of everyday regular tasks, seizures, loss of vision, abnormal movements, weakness in the arms or legs, loss of language, and sleeping problems. Other symptoms may include severe depression and hallucinations, as well as paranoid, obsessive, or erratic behavior.Moreover, there are several common types of autoimmune brain diseases, including:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune brain disease in which a persons’ own immune system attacks their brain and/or spinal cord, causing chronic pain and inflammation. MS commonly manifests in the form of relapses and remissions, however, several types of the autoimmune brain disease are progressive. It can cause a variety of neurological symptoms and it generally affects young adults. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent relapses and slow down or prevent disability.
Autoimmune or Paraneoplastic Encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is an autoimmune brain disease in which certain antibodies or pathogenic immune cells attack the brain, causing confusion, seizures, movement problems, and other common symptoms. In several patients, AIE can ultimately be associated with existing or developing cancer. Diagnosis is important for the treatment of this health issue.
Transverse Myelitis
Transverse myelitis is an autoimmune brain disease that causes inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, which can occur as a single, isolated event or as part of MS, neuromyelitis optica, or other autoimmune brain diseases. Isolated myelitis generally resolves or improves partially in two-thirds of the cases, however, it can also increase the risk of developing MS over time. Furthermore, healthcare professionals also recommend regular neurological monitoring for transverse myelitis.
Neuromyelitis Optica
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic’s disease, is a severe autoimmune brain disease that frequently involves the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord, causing extensive inflammation and tissue damage. It is caused by certain antibodies in the water channels of the central nervous system (CNS) and it can often lead to considerable disability if not diagnosed and treated in time. NMO is more common in African-American and Asian populations and it is not as uncommonly misdiagnosed as MS, which can lead to improper and potentially harmful treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are important.
Optic Neuritis
Optic neuritis is an autoimmune brain disease in which inflammation of the optic nerve can lead to the temporary, painful and partial loss of vision. Isolated optic neuritis increases the risk of MS and recommends regular neurological monitoring.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is generally a single instance of severe inflammation in the brain and/or the spinal cord, following a viral infection or vaccination. Unlike MS, ADEM can cause acute mental confusion along with other well-known neurological symptoms, such as seizures, difficulty speaking, and weakness, among other symptoms.
Rare Neuroimmunological Conditions
Other rare neuroimmunological conditions include neurosarcoidosis, stiff person syndrome, Susac’s syndrome, Behcet’s disease, CLIPPERS, IgG4 associated neurological disease, hypertrophic pachymeningitis, steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) or Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, among other autoimmune brain diseases.
Spasticity
Spasticity is an abnormal increase in muscle tone secondary to any pathology affecting the motor tracts in the brain or spinal cord. It can ultimately lead to body stiffness and spasms, causing problems with motor function, comfort, ease of care, and personal hygiene. Common causes of spasticity include MS, myelitis, stroke, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and several hereditary conditions. Spasticity can also cause pain and some discomfort for several individuals.
Autoimmune Brain Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Research studies on the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune brain diseases are still considerably new. Unfortunately, this may ultimately lead to misdiagnosis because several symptoms can frequently mimic those of many other health issues. Additionally, the range of symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, both in the types of symptoms and in the severity of symptoms. A comprehensive evaluation and ongoing therapy can help improve brain structure and function.
A healthcare professional, such as a naturopathic doctor or a chiropractor, will perform a full evaluation that includes a thorough review of the patient’s medical history, a complete physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests. This information allows healthcare professionals to assess the presence of a variety of underlying health issues and problems.
Treatment for autoimmune brain diseases can vary depending on the health issue as well as the type and the severity of the symptoms. To maximize an individual’s ability to recover and decrease symptoms, it is fundamental to treat both the underlying symptoms as well as the underlying source of the health issue. Treatment may include drugs and/or medications that suppress the immune response to decrease pain and inflammation as well as treatment to reduce seizures, psychiatric symptoms, and sleeping problems. A combination of therapies can help achieve the best possible outcomes.
Autoimmune brain disease (AIBD) is a central nervous system (CNS) health issue which happens when the human body’s own immune system or antibodies attack the brain and the spinal cord. Neuroinflammation, also known as brain inflammation, plays a critical role in the development of a variety of neurological disorders, especially autoimmune brain diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment of AIBD is fundamental for overall health and wellness. A naturopathic medical doctor or doctor of chiropractic can help with the assessment of musculoskeletal and nervous system health issues. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
How often do you feel more susceptible to pain? Autoimmune brain diseases, such as autoimmune encephalitis and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis, can tremendously affect an individual’s overall physical and mental health. And, because many of the symptoms can vary from person to person, it can frequently be challenging to diagnose an autoimmune brain disease. Early diagnosis is fundamental for early treatment, as many of the symptoms may ultimately be reversible.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
“Autoimmune Brain Diseases.” Duke Health, www.dukehealth.org/pediatric-treatments/autoimmune-brain-disorders.
“Autoimmune Neurological Disorders.” University Hospitals. The Science of Health. The Art of Compassion., www.uhhospitals.org/services/neurology-and-neurosurgery-services/multiple-sclerosis-and-neuroimmunology/conditions-we-treat.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Do you often feel low brain endurance for focus and concentration? Do you often crave sugar and sweets in the afternoon? Or do you feel energized after meals? Glucose, or sugar, is the main source of energy in the human body. And, because the human brain has so many nerve cells or neurons, it is one of the most energy-demanding organs, which utilizes about one-half of all the energy from glucose in the human body. Sugar is important but too much of it can also have its downsides.
Brain functions, such as memory, thinking, and learning, are relatively associated with glucose levels and how efficiently the brain utilizes this essential energy fuel source. If there isn’t enough glucose, or sugar, in the brain, by way of instance, neurotransmitters, or the human brain’s chemical messengers, don’t develop properly and the communications between neurons can ultimately break down. Additionally, dysglycemia, a common health issue caused by abnormal blood glucose levels, can cause loss of energy for brain function and has also been associated with poor attention and cognitive function.
“The human brain is dependent on sugar or glucose as its main energy fuel source,” stated Vera Novak, MD, Ph.D., an HMS associate professor of medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “It just simply cannot be without it.”
What is Dysglycemia?
As previously mentioned, brain structure and function, such as cognition, can be affected by dysglycemia, or blood glucose abnormalities, in older adults. Researchers conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort research study, analyzing the association of dysglycemia with brain health. The researchers found that dysglycemia is associated with an increased number of brain infarcts, white matter hyperintensities volume, and decreased total white matter, gray matter, and hippocampus volume cross-sectionally. According to the research study, there was also a decrease in gray matter volume longitudinally. Dysglycemia was ultimately associated with reduced language performance, speed, and visuospatial function.
“Our results suggest that dysglycemia affects brain health in elderly survivors, evidenced by higher cerebrovascular disease, lower white, and gray matter volume as well as language, visuospatial function, and cognitive speed,” stated the authors.
Dysglycemia can cause changes in blood glucose levels which may cause a variety of health issues. Dysglycemia is also not necessarily defined by specific blood sugar levels. Instead, having an abnormally low, high, or unstable blood glucose levels suggests an underlying health issue that requires further investigation. Moreover, while type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the most common causes of dysglycemia, other examples of blood sugar level abnormalities can include gestational diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions as well as drug-related and genetically related abnormalities of the blood sugar levels.
Furthermore, dysglycemia can be a result of hereditary or environmental factors, or it can even be a combination of both. Genes can predispose a person to ultimately develop dysglycemia over time, just as much as several lifestyle habits can, too. A poor diet high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and processed foods can commonly cause a person to develop dysglycemia. Lacking certain vitamins and minerals that enhance the human body’s sensitivity to insulin can also cause dysglycemia.
Dysglycemia and Brain Health
Although the brain needs glucose or sugar, too much of this energy fuel source can also have several side-effects. A 2012 research study on animals conducted by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles demonstrated a positive relationship between the consumption of fructose, another form of sugar, and the aging of cells. A 2009 research study, also utilizing animal models and conducted by a team of scientists at the University of Montreal and Boston College, connected excess glucose consumption to memory and cognitive deficiencies. Further research studies are still required.
The effects of glucose and other forms of sugar on the human brain may be the most profound in diabetes, a group of health issues in which high blood glucose levels persist over a prolonged period of time. Type 1 diabetes is a health issue in which the immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, a hormone utilized by the human body to maintain and regulate blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes, caused by dietary and other environmental factors, is a health issue in which cells become overwhelmed by insulin and fail to properly respond and they ultimately become insulin resistant.
Long-term diabetes, either type 1 or type 2, can have many consequences for the brain cells, or neurons, as well as the brain. High blood glucose levels can affect the brain’s functional connectivity which connects brain regions that share functional properties and brain matter. It can also cause the brain to atrophy or shrink and it can lead to small-vessel disease, which restricts blood flow in the brain, causing cognitive difficulties and it can cause the development of vascular dementia.
In her laboratory, Novak evaluated several ways to prevent these effects in people with type 2 diabetes. One of these ways involves a nasal spray known as intranasal insulin (INI). When used, INI enters the brain and binds to receptors in its memory networks, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and insular cortex. As signaling within these memory networks become more efficient, cognitive functions in these areas, such as learning and visual perceptions of spatial relationships, improve.
“Type 2 diabetes accelerates brain aging,” says Novak, “which, in turn, accelerates the progression of functional decline. With intranasal insulin, we’re hoping to find a new avenue for treatment to slow down these effects or prevent them altogether.”
In a pilot research study, Novak and her colleagues found that a single dose of INI had a positive effect on memory, verbal learning, and spatial orientation. She is now planning the first clinical trial of INI in older adults with type 2 diabetes. The results of the clinical trial are especially relevant because of the high prevalence of dementia and significant cognitive decline among older adults with diabetes. Sugar, or glucose, is fundamental, however, it must be controlled for overall brain health.
Glucose, or sugar, is an important source of energy fuel for every cell in the human body, especially the brain. However, excess amounts of blood glucose, or sugar, levels can be more harmful than beneficial and it can ultimately cause a variety of brain health issues, including neurological diseases like dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Dysglycemia, or abnormal blood glucose, or sugar, levels, is a common condition in diabetes. Managing and regulating glucose, or sugar, in patients with diabetes is essential to promote overall brain health and wellness, according to research studies. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
Do you often feel low brain endurance for focus and concentration? Do you often crave sugar and sweets in the afternoon? Or do you feel energized after meals? Glucose, or sugar, is the main source of energy in the human body. And, because the human brain has so many nerve cells or neurons, it is one of the most energy-demanding organs, which utilizes about one-half of all the energy from glucose in the human body. Sugar is important but too much of it can also have its downsides.
Brain functions, such as memory, thinking, and learning, are relatively associated with glucose levels and how efficiently the brain utilizes this essential energy fuel source. If there isn’t enough glucose, or sugar, in the brain, by way of instance, neurotransmitters, or the human brain’s chemical messengers, don’t develop properly and the communications between neurons can ultimately break down. Additionally, dysglycemia, a common health issue caused by abnormal blood glucose levels, can cause loss of energy for brain function and has also been associated with poor attention and cognitive function.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
Marchione, Victor. “Cognition and Brain Structure Affected by Dysglycemia in Older Adults: Study.” Bel Marra Health – Breaking Health News and Health Information, Bel Marra Health, 10 Jan. 2017, www.belmarrahealth.com/cognition-brain-structure-affected-dysglycemia-older-adults-study/.
Edwards, Scott. “Sugar and the Brain.” Sugar and the Brain | Department of Neurobiology, neuro.hms.harvard.edu/harvard-mahoney-neuroscience-institute/brain-newsletter/and-brain-series/sugar-and-brain.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Do you often feel energy level drops in the afternoon? Do you often crave sugar and sweets in the afternoon? Do you often have difficulty concentrating before eating? Various medical conditions can affect the overall health of our body and mind. However, research studies have found that anemia caused by iron deficiency can tremendously affect our brain health.
Iron deficiency is considered to be one of the most prevalent nutritional health issues, affecting approximately 2.5 billion people worldwide. In developing countries, about 40 percent of children and 50 percent of pregnant women have an iron deficiency. Iron is an essential mineral found in approximately 5 percent of the earth’s crust, however, inefficiency in absorption, low iron levels in staple grain foods, and a variety of medical conditions can make iron deficiency a common problem among humans. In first world countries, iron deficiency is still one of the most common nutrient deficiencies.
What Causes Iron Deficiency and Anemia?
Poor iron intake and increased iron loss, generally through bleeding or breastfeeding, are several of the main causes of iron deficiency. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, women with heavy periods, children or picky eaters, vegetarians and vegans, as well as people with digestion health issues which cause decreased iron absorption like celiac disease or post gastric bypass, and people with increased bleeding, such as cancer, ulcers, gastritis, or parasites, are generally at higher risk for iron deficiency. High calcium intake, by way of instance, children who drink a lot of milk, can also affect iron absorption, together with drugs and/or medications, such as antacids and proton-pump inhibitors for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Although low iron levels are well-known for causing anemia because red blood cells need iron as a part of hemoglobin, iron is also needed for the brain and nerves. Severe iron deficiency in younger children can ultimately cause irreversible damage to cognition and result in lower IQ and developmental delays, especially during the most fundamental stages of human development and up to 16 months of age. Even in adults. the most common symptoms associated with iron deficiency are generally neurological symptoms, including fatigue, brain fog, and restless legs that cause insomnia, among other symptoms.
Pica, the abnormal behavioral compulsion to eat non-nutritional foods like dirt or clay, is tremendously prevalent in regions of the world where iron deficiency is common. In the developed world, pica is a rare health issue, however, it still frequently occurs in children, pregnant women, and among other groups of people that are at higher risk for iron deficiency, including people who have had gastric bypass. Non-neurological symptoms associated with iron deficiency ultimately include pallor, generalized weakness, and higher than usual heart rate along with shortness of breath, especially with exertion.
What are the Symptoms of Iron Deficiency?
As previously mentioned above, iron deficiency can cause problems associated with cognition and neurological health issues, such as restless legs and insomnia. The exact mechanisms of why this happens are unknown, however, without enough iron in the brain and nerves, there are problems with neurotransmitter signaling, the development of nerve insulation known as myelin, and brain energy metabolism. Reduced central neuron processing is considered to be one of the most critical problems associated with iron deficiency, which can be a cause of psychiatric symptoms and ongoing psychiatric problems.
Occasionally, iron deficiency may also cause anxiety, depression, irritability, and even poor concentration and restlessness. By way of instance, iron deficiency has a much higher prevalence in children with ADHD but the symptoms can improve with iron supplements. People with iron deficiency have higher risks of developing psychiatric disorders, especially ADHD, and developmental disorders. Evidence has demonstrated that iron deficiency can cause a variety of other health issues.
Iron enters the brain through the blood-brain barrier via transferrin receptors. Iron uptake into the brain is highly regulated but it also does highly depend on the iron status of the human body. Therefore, people with low iron levels will have much less iron going into the brain and people with high iron levels will have much more iron going into the brain. Several regions of the brain also appear to gather iron and have higher levels than others. Moreover, neurological symptoms can manifest before developing iron deficiency anemia. Thus, healthcare professionals can’t rule out iron deficiency anemia from the most commonly utilized basic screening test, a complete blood count. A better general screen involves ferritin levels, where less than 15 ng/ml presents the diagnosis for iron deficiency but less than 40 ng/ml presents with fatigue, brain fog, restless legs, and other neurological symptoms. Ferritin on its own can be misleading in populations of people with chronic inflammation, including people on dialysis, where ferritin can be high even if the person is diagnosed with iron deficiency. Furthermore, a full iron workup includes hemoglobin, MCV, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, serum iron, and transferrin saturation.
What is the Treatment for Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Treating iron deficiency is considerably simple through the utilization of iron supplements or in mild or moderate cases by encouraging the consumption of foods that are high in iron. Occasionally, people with severe absorption health issues will need iron transfusions intravenously. Meat and seafood are the best sources of easily absorbable heme iron, however, non-heme iron is naturally found in leafy greens, beans, and nuts. Make sure to talk to your doctor if you have iron deficiency.
It is ultimately essential to make sure if you have iron deficiency before treating it with increased amounts of iron supplements. With the exception of blood loss, the only way to reduce excess iron is through the process of skin cells flaking off. Therefore, adult men who take a lot of iron supplements and people with a genetic tendency to absorb more iron from foods are at a higher risk of developing a medical condition, known as hemochromatosis or severe iron overload.
Excess iron is stored in the liver and can lead to scarring of the liver, known as cirrhosis. Iron overload can also lead to joint and hormonal problems and it can also cause a bronze-ish skin color. Symptoms of hemochromatosis include joint pain, fatigue, and low sex drive as well as a higher risk of developing diabetes. High serum iron is associated with health issues like high blood pressure. People who aren’t iron deficient can consider regular blood donations to prevent accidental iron overload. Iron is one of those types of minerals that should neither be too high or too low but rather, just right. More research studies, especially clinical trials analyzing common medical conditions, such as restless legs, insomnia, and ADHD, are fundamental to help healthcare professionals understand the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and brain health.
Recent research studies have demonstrated that iron deficiency anemia may be associated with brain health issues. Because the brain and nerves need iron for many functions, iron deficiency can cause a variety of symptoms and medical conditions, including brain fog, fatigue, restless legs with insomnia, anxiety, depression, and cognitive problems, besides anemia or lack of healthy red blood cells. Treatment for iron deficiency anemia may utilize iron supplements, however, it’s important to make sure to talk to a qualified healthcare professional in order to avoid risks and side effects through iron supplementation. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
Do you often feel energy level drops in the afternoon? Do you often crave sugar and sweets in the afternoon? Do you often have difficulty concentrating before eating? Various medical conditions can affect the overall health of our body and mind. However, research studies have found that anemia caused by iron deficiency can tremendously affect our brain health. Iron deficiency is considered to be one of the most prevalent nutritional health issues, affecting approximately 2.5 billion people worldwide. In developing countries, about 40 percent of children and 50 percent of pregnant women have an iron deficiency. Iron is an essential mineral found in approximately 5 percent of the earth’s crust, however, inefficiency in absorption, low iron levels in staple grain foods, and a variety of medical conditions can make iron deficiency a common problem among humans. In first world countries, iron is still considered to be the most common nutrient deficiency.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
Deans, Emily. “Heavy Metal: Iron and the Brain.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 29 Nov. 2015, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201511/heavy-metal-iron-and-the-brain.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Biomarkers are molecules that can help diagnose a health issue. These have become important for verifying investigations, choosing the best remedies, and monitoring disease progression. One exception, however, includes biomarkers for neurological diseases. Neurological biomarkers are found in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) or, in undetectable amounts, in the blood vessels. The human brain is closely guarded by the blood-brain barrier which protects it from damaging compounds circulating throughout the blood vessels. The blood-brain barrier has made it inaccessible to use these biomarkers.
Biomarkers may be analyzed using the CSF but this also needs an invasive lumbar puncture process. Biomarker signatures, or recent improvements in discovery, in addition to the ability of clusters of biomarkers, are currently helping to make neurological disorders more treatable and more reachable. Treating and preventing neurological disorders, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, and major depressive disorder, is very likely to become less difficult to diagnose with the recent arrival of neurological biomarkers found in the blood.
Biomarker for Brain Health Issues
Biomarker signatures, found with panels of high-quality antibodies, are yet another safe and effective tool for evaluating neurological disorders and diseases. Assistant professor of neurology and immunobiology at the University of Arizona College of Medicine at Tucson, Kristian Doyle, utilizes biomarkers to examine how the immune system deals with dead brain tissue. The system eliminates brain tissue with a procedure called liquefactive necrosis following a stroke but the pathophysiology of the procedure is unknown. This information is essential because liquefactive necrosis may be neurotoxic.
“We utilize multiplex immunoassays to describe inflammation within chronic stroke infarcts in the point of liquefactive necrosis, and to describe changes by ordinary stroke comorbidities,” says Doyle. Because over 10 million individuals survive a stroke every year, Doyle expects that biomarkers may help them monitor the development of liquefactive necrosis and start to tailor remedies that mitigate the secondary harm due to this procedure,” he states. Another connection between inflammation and neurotoxicity is analyzed by Alysson Muotri, professor of molecular and cellular medicine and director of the Stem Cell Program at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine. The Muotri laboratory uses induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from individuals with schizophrenia and autism to search for biomarkers of those ailments.
Muotri’s laboratory started analyzing the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a biomarker because evidence indicates that chronic exposure to elevated cytokines might be neurotoxic together with elevated levels associated with depression, autism, and schizophrenia. “The gap of one of the many brain disorders could function as cytokines act on particular types or subtypes of nerves, or within a particular brain area,” states Muotri. His laboratory differentiates iPSCs to cells, which they suspect might be releasing cytokines from patients. Also, because IL-6 can also be involved in immune-inflammatory pathways, Muotri supposes a connection between autism and in utero exposure to infection, such as the Zika virus.
“Our forecast is that the inflammation caused by Zika vulnerability is sufficient to make a neurotoxic environment which could rewire how the human brain is shaped,” he states. “We see that in mice, therefore, we believe some Zika-exposed children are going to develop autism or have intellectual disabilities” Larger biomarker signatures are available with technologies from CDI Laboratories, which provides microarrays of practical human proteins, including over 20,000 to a single variety, to check the antibodies within human liquid biopsy samples, including blood, serum, plasma, CSF, or tissue lysates. The consequent “autoantibody profile” is a helpful tool for study and for diagnoses or prognoses of individuals.
“We have worked in the area of biomarker discovery for various neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric lupus, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease,” states George Dorfman, director of business development in CDI Laboratories, a spin-off firm located in Baltimore, Maryland, and Mayaguez, Puerto Rico which was created from research in the High Throughput Biology Center at Johns Hopkins University. CDI’s stage is particularly beneficial in building panels for biomarker discovery because researchers can start by utilizing patient samples or banked trials to evaluate resistant profiles of cohorts that reveal specific symptoms or no indications in the event of control trials.
“This provides us with an inherent candidate biomarker panel that offers advice on the following clinical outcome or curative efficacy, which is confirmed to yield the last panel, then interpreted into the state an ELISA-based kit or any other immunodiagnostic format at the clinical setting,” says Dorfman. “In the event of multiple sclerosis, as a patient grows through measures of this disease, their entire body creates novel antibodies or greater present antibody titers against specific proteins, such as myelination proteins. Our panels may discover these, to provide a notion about exactly what patients’ disease development might seem like, and supply a signature which may be interpreted into another evaluation or an FDA-approved diagnostic” CDI’s technologies have also been utilized to create an autoantibody profile for neuropsychiatric lupus, a beneficial diagnostic tool to ultimately help diagnose a neurological disorder that typically lacks obvious clinical signs.
Understanding Biomarkers for Brain Health
The amount and types of biomarkers, as well as the quantity of information which researchers have to arrange, can help provide better remedies and prevention methods and techniques. “It ought to be no surprise that researchers spend around 80 percent of the time handling and not assessing statistics,” states Scott Marshall, managing director of translational informatics and diagnostic sciences in Precision for Medicine in Frederick, Maryland. The biomarker data management system, PATH, was made to incorporate any sort of biomarker information for further neurological disease diagnosis.
“The true power of biomarkers comes if you connect this data to clinical information,” states Marshall. Their biomarker information management system supports translational research and biomarker-guided medicine development and puts no limitation on the number of biomarkers that may be tracked. “It can manage multiple biomarker technologies concurrently, such as complicated flow cytometry, next-generation sequencing, immuno-sequencing, epigenetic profiling, and other varieties of assays measuring biological variant too,” states Marshall. Their kind of “translational informatics” instrument is much more efficient than generating reams of information” with no strategy to acquire actionable insights out of these.”
Research teams utilize Precision to Medicine’s platform for neuro-related programs that vary from illness pathogenesis to creating complicated signatures that are predictive of treatment response. By way of instance, the system was utilized in a research study including the evaluation of transcriptomic and genomic data in the treatment of major depressive disorder. The outcome is a genomically defined subset of individuals utilizing a probability of improvement. “This type of signature can now be evaluated by means of an assay, which may subsequently be developed to accompany diagnostic or free diagnostic to successfully target the correct individual group,” states Marshall. Biomarker data management systems become more fundamental as distinct kinds of biomarkers are examined collectively, ultimately including proteins and miRNAs.
Combining kinds of biomarkers will very likely boost their usefulness. “Diagnostics is becoming increasingly more important as we know that the interplay between microRNAs, proteins, DNA, and messenger RNA is necessary,” states Pregibon. Clinical decision-making may profit particularly in which the human brain has been blocked by the blood-brain barrier until lately. “The chance to leverage biomarker-driven targeted treatments means that the sufferers that are more inclined to react to treatments are getting them quicker,” states Marshall. “For researchers, that’s the energy of biomarkers.”
The recent ability to be able to detect neurological biomarkers in the blood, despite the blood-brain barries, is largely due in part to new technological advances in diagnosis and detection. Several of these technologies can ultimately increase sensitivity, however, increased sensitivity can help improve earlier detection or diagnosis of biomarkers for neurological diseases and disorders. Researchers and healthcare professionals currently believe that the presence of these biomarkers may be present earlier than we currently understand, which can help improve health issue diagnosis and treatment. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
Biomarkers are molecules that can help diagnose a health issue. These have become important for verifying investigations, choosing the best remedies, and monitoring disease progression. One exception, however, includes biomarkers for neurological diseases. Neurological biomarkers are found in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) or, in undetectable amounts, in the blood vessels. The human brain is closely guarded by the blood-brain barrier which protects it from damaging compounds circulating throughout the blood vessels. The blood-brain barrier has made it inaccessible to use these biomarkers.
Biomarkers may be analyzed using the CSF but this also needs an invasive lumbar puncture process. Biomarker signatures, or recent improvements in discovery, in addition to the ability of clusters of biomarkers, are currently helping to make neurological disorders more treatable and more reachable. Treating and preventing neurological disorders, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, and major depressive disorder, is very likely to become less difficult to diagnose with the recent arrival of neurological biomarkers found in the blood.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
Smith, Caitlin. “Biomarkers on the Brain: Putting Biomarkers Together for a Better Understanding of the Nervous System.” Science, 15 Mar. 2018, www.sciencemag.org/features/2017/12/biomarkers-brain-putting-biomarkers-together-better-understanding-nervous-system.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Do you often feel that your energy levels drop in the afternoons? Do you often feel brain fog or have unclear thoughts and poor concentration? Do you often experience brain fatigue with chronic pain and inflammation? Diet and supplements are essential for overall well-being. However, fish oil omega-3s are a common supplement with a variety of health benefits.
Fish oil is a well-known supplement that comes from fatty fish, such as sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and salmon. Fish oil has two types of omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are commonly used to support skin and heart health. Fish oil supplements can also promote brain health, especially when it comes to improving memory and mood problems like depression, as well as a variety of other health issues. The purpose of the following article is to discuss how the omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil may support and promote brain health.
What Are Fish Oil Omega-3s?
Omega-3 fatty acids, best known as omega-3s, are polyunsaturated fats that offer most of the brain health benefits of fish oil. Fish oil has two main types of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA. These two omega-3s are found in cell membranes and these also have anti-inflammatory effects in the human body. They are also well-known for their fundamental roles in human development and heart health. EPA and DHA are found in fatty fish and fish oil. Because the majority of people do not eat the recommended amounts of fish, many people probably aren’t getting enough EPA and DHA in their regular diets.
The human body can make EPA and DHA from another type of omega-3 fatty acid, known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). ALA is commonly found in a variety of foods, including walnuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds, canola oil, soybeans, and soybean oil. However, the human body can’t properly turn ALA into EPA and DHA, where healthcare professionals and researchers estimate that approximately less than 10 percent of the amount of ALA you eat is properly turned into EPA or DHA. Fish oil is a good option for people who don’t eat a lot of fish but are still looking to gain the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids.
How Do Omega-3s Improve Brain Health?
The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are essential for normal brain function during all stages of life. EPA and DHA play a fundamental role in the development of a baby’s brain. Several research studies have associated pregnant women’s fish intake or fish oil use with higher scores for their children on brain function and intelligence tests in early childhood.
These omega-3s are also essential for the regulation of normal brain function throughout life. They are commonly found in the cell membranes of brain cells, preserving cell membrane health and facilitating communication between brain cells.
When animals are fed diets without omega-3 fatty acids, the amount of DHA in their brains decreases, and they often demonstrate deficits in learning and memory. In older adults, decreased levels of DHA in the blood have ultimately been associated with smaller brain size, a prevalent symptom of accelerated brain aging. Clearly, it is essential to make sure that you get enough omega-3 fatty acids in order to avoid these detrimental effects on brain function and development.
Fish Oil for Memory
The omega-3s found in fish oil play important roles in brain function and development. There are also claims that fish oil can improve brain function in people with memory problems, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease affects brain function and quality of life in millions of elderly adults. That’s why finding a supplement or natural remedy that can help improve brain function in this population of individuals would be a major, if not a life-changing discovery.
Unfortunately, a review of the research study found no compelling evidence that omega-3 supplements like fish oil can improve brain function in people with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, several research studies suggest that fish oil supplements may improve brain function in people with more mild types of brain health issues, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or age-related cognitive decline. Although these types of brain conditions aren’t as severe as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, they can still result in memory loss and sometimes other types of impaired brain function.
One research study gave 485 older adults with age-related cognitive decline either 900 mg of DHA or a placebo every day. After 24 weeks, those taking DHA performed better on memory and learning tests. Similarly, another research study investigated the effects of taking 1.8 grams of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil supplements daily for 24 weeks. The researchers found improvements in brain function in people with MCI but there were no benefits for those with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. According to the research study, fish oil supplements may be most beneficial when people start taking them in the early stages of brain function decline. If you wait too long, fish oil may be of little benefit to brain health.
Fish Oil for Depression
Finding treatments for depression and other mental health issues is still a public health priority. A recent review of several research studies concluded that taking fish oil supplements improved symptoms in people with depression. However, the greatest improvements in depressive symptoms seemed to occur in people who were also taking antidepressants. In addition, people seemed to experience greater effects when the fish oil supplement also had higher doses of EPA.
It is still unclear how EPA and omega-3s help improve depressive symptoms. Researchers suggest that it may be associated with their effects on serotonin and serotonin receptors in the brain. Others have proposed that omega-3s from fish oil can improve depressive symptoms through their anti-inflammatory effects. Additional evidence suggests that fish oil may also help improve other mental health issues like borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder. However, more high-quality research studies are required before the medical community can make definitive recommendations.
Should You Take Fish Oil for Your Brain Health?
According to the evidence gathered from a variety of research studies, you may want to consider taking fish oil omega-3 fatty acids if you are experiencing mild memory loss, depression, or if you want to improve your overall brain health. There are no official recommendations regarding how much omega-3s from fish oil you need to take to see benefits in brain function and mental health. The amounts of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids used in the research studies varied from each clinical trial.
The US Food and Drug Administration has set a safe and effective limit for the intake of omega-3 fatty acid supplements to be at 3,000 mg per day. The European Food Safety Authority has set their recommendation a little higher, at no more than 5,000 mg per day. Taking 1,000 to 2,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil daily is likely a good starting point, which is under the recommended limit. People with depression should choose fish oil supplements with higher amounts of EPA.
It is essential to read labels carefully when evaluating fish oil supplements. A 1,000-mg capsule of fish oil may have less than 500 mg of actual omega-3 fatty acids but this can vary for each brand. In general, fish oil supplements are considered to be safe and effective at dosages under those that were previously mentioned. Make sure you talk with a healthcare professional before taking fish oil omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Because research studies have reviewed their potential effects on blood clotting, this is especially important if you are taking blood-thinning medications or have an upcoming surgery.
EPA and DHA are omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil that are fundamental for normal brain function and development. People with mild decline in memory or brain function and mood changes like depression may consider taking omega-3s from fish oil because these can improve symptoms and overall brain health. Although fish oil is typically praised for its benefits for heart health, it also has incredible effects on brain and mental health that are worth mentioning. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
Do you often feel that your energy levels drop in the afternoons? Do you often feel brain fog or have unclear thoughts and poor concentration? Do you often experience brain fatigue with chronic pain and inflammation? Diet and supplements are essential for overall well-being. However, fish oil omega-3s are a common supplement with a variety of health benefits.
Fish oil is a well-known supplement that comes from fatty fish, such as sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and salmon. Fish oil has two types of omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are commonly used to support skin and heart health. Fish oil supplements can also promote brain health, especially when it comes to improving memory, mood problems like depression, as well as neurological diseases and other health issues. The purpose of the article above was to discuss how the omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil support and promote brain health.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Neurological diseases, including well-known neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as other rare health issues, such as Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, these are estimated to increase due to the aging population. Currently, there is no treatment available for any neurodegenerative disorder. Treatments for symptoms are available for several neurological diseases, such as PD and HD, but the therapeutic benefits are limited. Although the causes and symptoms for these health issues are different for each neurodegenerative disorders, their molecular pathogeneses share common underlying factors and characteristics, including excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly due to mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and disturbances in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). This increases the possibility of developing a universal treatment that will focus on targeting the common triggers of neurological diseases.
Nrf2 Activation Pathways and the Human Brain
The transcription factor, Nrf2, regulates the main endogenous defense mechanism against oxidative and xenobiotic stress and inflammation. Nrf2 also plays a fundamental role in the management of mitochondrial function and cellular proteostasis, which suggests the possible benefits of Nrf2 to control neurodegenerative disorders. When under stress, Nrf2 activates the transcriptional upregulation of a large network of cytoprotective genes that allow adaptation and survival. The levels and activity of Nrf2 are controlled through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation mediated by several ubiquitin ligase systems, including Keap1-Cul3/Rbx1, β-TrCP-Cul1, and Hrd1. Keap1 is the most well understood key regulator of Nrf2.
Keap1 functions as a primary sensor for electrophiles and oxidants, which chemically change certain cysteines in Keap1, leading to conformational changes that protect Nrf2 from Keap1-associated degradation. Subsequently, Nrf2 will accumulate and then translocate to the nucleus where it binds as a heterodimer with a small Maf transcription factor to antioxidant response elements in the promoter of its target genes to activate the expression of a large network of detoxification, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory genes as well as other genes involved in the clearance of damaged proteins. Of particular interest is also the upregulation of genes responsible in the biosynthesis and the regeneration of glutathione (GSH), a major intracellular antioxidant. Moreover, Nrf2 also suppresses proinflammatory responses through transcriptional repression and it is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Keap1 and p62/SQSTM1 are Nrf2-associated proteins and main regulators of negative and positive feedback loop mechanisms. In addition, p62 targets Keap1 for selective degradation through autophagy, therefore contributing to the sustained Nrf2 activation response.
Aging has been associated with the increase in ROS and chronic inflammation, which suggests a loss of adaptability and/or impairment of Nrf2 signaling, which are particularly pronounced in age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Surprisingly, rare mutations in SQSTM1 can cause susceptibility to the human neurodegenerative disorder, ALS as well as frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and are associated with muted Nrf2 activation responses in clinical trials. Research studies suggest a reciprocal correlation and show negative effects of mutant disease-related proteins on Nrf2 signaling, thus suggesting the inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway as a possible mechanism underlying neurodegeneration and health issues.
Nrf2 Activation for Neurodegenerative Disorders
ALS, an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, is commonly characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy which is generally considered to be fatal, typically within 5 years of diagnosis. ALS has a predominant sporadic ALS form with no apparent genetic component, however, approximately 5 to 10 percent of cases show an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern or familial form of the disease, known as fALS, with is known to cause gene mutations. The symptoms of sporadic ALS and familial ALS are similar, which suggests the involvement of common pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Research studies show that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation should be the key therapeutic targets of Nrf2 signaling in ALS. Genetic research studies in ALS mouse models have shown a considerable therapeutic effect of increased Nrf2 levels in astrocytes, the main GSH producers for neurons. Furthermore, Nrf2 signaling is fundamental for controlling neuroinflammation in ALS through the management of the effects of activated microglial cells on overall neuronal survival. Consistent with the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 signaling, treatment with small molecule activators, including the extremely potent cyanoenone triterpenoids, has ultimately shown efficacy in research study mouse ALS models.
The neuroprotective potential of Nrf2 activation has been evaluated in experiments utilizing genetic mouse HD models. HD is an autosomal dominant and highly penetrant neurodegenerative disorder, which results from the pathological expansion of a trinucleotide CAG repeats encoding polyglutamines in HTT protein. Brains from patients with HD usually show marked striatal and cortical atrophy at the time of diagnosis. Once motor or other symptoms become apparent, generally throughout midlife, the affected individuals become increasingly disabled over the course of 15 to 25 years before eventually succumbing to the effects of severe physical and mental deterioration, according to evidence from research studies.
Complex pathogenic mechanisms have been shown in HD, however, excessive oxidative stress has been recognized as a fundamental driver of pathology. The harmful role of oxidative stress has been described in both HD patients and in experimental clinical trial models and it is potentially due to the neuronal sensitivity of an excess in ROS. The levels of several Nrf2-dependent antioxidant proteins, including glutathione peroxidases, catalase, and superoxide dismutase 1, are increased in human HD brains as compared with non-disease controls, suggesting a partial activation of Nrf2 defense signaling yet insufficient enough to block progressive neurodegeneration. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 results in the broad antioxidant effects of HD in mouse brains and ameliorates the neurological phenotype. Increased expression of several key inflammatory mediators has been shown in the blood, the striatum, the cortex, and the cerebellum from postmortem patient HD tissues, however, neuroinflammation in HD patients seems to be less pronounced than in ALS or PD patients.
Neurological Disease Treatment with Nrf2 Activation
Finally, the neurological phenotype of the most common neurological disease and neurodegenerative disorder, PD, can be challenged by Nrf2 activation. PD is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the profound reduction of dopamine in the striatum. Currently available dopaminergic treatments offer relief from several symptoms but these only address the motor manifestations. Multiple genetic and environmental factors have been suggested in the etiology of PD, however, like ALS, the majority of the clinical cases are sporadic. The discovery that the environmental neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes Parkinson’s disease in humans, led to the development of the MPTP mouse model of disease, which to date, remains one of the most highly utilized animal models of sporadic PD, including the evaluation of drug efficiency. Nrf2 activators showed neuroprotective effects in MPTP mice, which are associated with a reduction of oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. The identification of causative mutations in SNCA, the gene encoding α-synuclein (aSyn), developed genetic mouse PD models, in which daily oral delivery of the Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF) protected nigral dopaminergic neurons against aSyn toxicity.
Although oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are pathological hallmarks of AD, a therapeutic role of Nrf2 signaling has developed more slowly, perhaps due to the complexity of disease pathogenesis and readouts of efficiency. Nonetheless, there is a number of recent research studies that demonstrate the efficiency of Nrf2 activators in AD mouse models. DMF, a U.S. FDA-approved drug (Tecfidera, Biogen-Idec) for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis, activates Nrf2 through the regulation of the Keap1 sensor. DMF is of seemingly low potency and specificity, which prevents neurodegeneration. Drug-like molecules with a similar mechanism of action or with the ability of direct interference with the Keap1/Nrf2 interaction are emerging. The data demonstrate the feasibility to develop Nrf2 activators for treatment.
In summary, although the causes and symptoms of neurological diseases are different, neurodegenerative disorders share similar molecular mechanisms, which could be regulated and managed with Nrf2 activators. Moreover, targeting Nrf2 signaling may offer a safe and effective treatment approach for a variety of these health issues. Because pharmacological Nrf2 activation targets the broad mechanisms of these health issues, all neurodegenerative conditions would be eligible for treatment. Furthermore, the main goal is to develop noninvasive oral treatment(s) for patients under the supervision of healthcare professionals, which targets both sporadic and familial patients. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
Neurological diseases, including well-known neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as other rare health issues, such as Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, these are estimated to increase due to the aging population. Currently, there is no treatment available for any neurodegenerative disorder. Treatments for symptoms are available for several neurological diseases, such as PD and HD, but the therapeutic benefits are limited. Although the causes and symptoms for these health issues are different for each neurodegenerative disorders, their molecular pathogeneses share common underlying factors and characteristics, including excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly due to mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and disturbances in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). This increases the possibility of developing a universal treatment that will focus on targeting the common triggers of neurological diseases.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T, et al. “Activation of Nrf2 Signaling as a Common Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.” Activation of Nrf2 Signaling as a Common Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases | Neurodegenerative Disease Management, 23 May 2017, www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/nmt-2017-0011#.
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you feel unclear thoughts or concentration and brain fog? How often do you experience pain, discomfort, and/or inflammation? How often do you feel mental and physical fatigue after eating meals? Inflammation is an essential immune response, however, chronic inflammation, especially in the brain and the joints, can cause a variety of health issues. Fortunately, there are many natural remedies that can help reduce inflammation, including turmeric or curcumin.
Turmeric, sometimes known as Indian saffron or the golden spice, is a tall plant that grows in Central America and Asia. The turmeric that we commonly see on shelves and in spice cabinets is made of the ground roots of the plant. Moreover, the bright yellow color of processed turmeric has inspired many cultures to use it as a dye. Ground turmeric is also the main ingredient in curry powder. Capsules, powders, teas, and extracts are several ways that turmeric is available commercially.
Curcumin is the active ingredient found in turmeric and it has many powerful biological properties. Ayurvedic medicine, a traditional Indian system of treatment, recommends utilizing turmeric for a variety of health issues, including chronic pain and inflammation. Western medicine has started to evaluate the use of turmeric as a pain reliever. In the following article, we will discuss the health benefits and risks of turmeric as well as how these can affect overall health and wellness.
Health Benefits of Turmeric
According to the Arthritis Foundation, research studies in which turmeric has been utilized helped reduce chronic inflammation in the clinical trial participants. The anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric, or curcumin, may help reduce arthritis joint pain and discomfort. Together with other supplements, such as an Nrf2 activator, research studies have shown that these can reduce inflammatory cytokines by dampening NF-κB activity and down-regulating COX, LOX, iNOS, matrix metalloproteiases, INF-a, and interleukines-1, 2, 6, 8, 12 as well as chemokines. The Arthritis Foundation suggests taking capsules of 400 to 600 milligrams (mg) of turmeric or curcumin up to three times per day for chronic pain and inflammation.
Many researchers and healthcare professionals believe that turmeric may not only be efficient at reducing inflammation but it may also be safe and effective as a chronic pain reliever. As previously mentioned, the spice is reputed to help relieve arthritis as well as fibromyalgia symptoms. Research tudies seem to support the utilization of turmeric for pain relief, with one source noting that it seemed to work as well as ibuprofen (Advil) in people with arthritis. Although dosing recommendations seem to vary, those who participated in the research study took 800 mg of turmeric in capsules, each day.
Turmeric has also recently been getting a lot of attention because of its antioxidant abilities. The antioxidant effects of turmeric appear to be so powerful that it may even help stop or prevent your liver from being damaged by toxins. This could be good news for people who take strong medicines for diabetes or any other health issues that may damage their liver through long-term utilization. Curcumin has also shown great promise as a type of cancer treatment. Research studies suggest that curcumin can have protective effects against pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma.
Turmeric is utilized in curry powder is because it helps add a delicious element to foods. However, turmeric can also play a fundamental role in the digestive process of that food. Because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric can help promote healthy digestion. It’s utilized in ayurvedic medicine as a digestive system healing agent. Today, Western medicine has started to evaluate how turmeric, or curcumin, can help with gut inflammation as well as gut permeability, two measures of your digestive efficiency. Turmeric is even being explored as a possible treatment approach for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Turmeric can have many health benefits but curcumin supplements may also have several health risks.
Health Risks of Turmeric
The same healing agents in turmeric that support healthy digestion can unfortunately also cause irritation when consumed in large amounts. Several research study participants looking at the utilization of turmeric as a type of cancer treatment had to drop out of the clinical trial because their digestive system was so negatively affected by the spice. Turmeric stimulates the stomach to produce more gastric acid. Although this can help with digestion, it can negatively affect digestion for others.
Turmeric’s purifying properties may also make you bleed more easily. It’s not completely understood why this happens. However, people who take blood-thinning medicines, such as warfarin (Coumadin) should avoid consuming large doses of turmeric or curcumin.
Researchers and healthcare professionals hypothesize that turmeric’s other benefits, including its capability to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, may have something to do with how turmeric affects your blood. Furthermore, researchers and healthcare professionals believe that the way curcumin is extracted from turmeric can be the cause of this health issue. Approximately 95 percent of curcumin in the U.S. is extracted by carcinogenic solvents.
You may have also heard that eating foods seasoned with curry can stimulate labor. Although there’s little evidence to back up this claim, research studies suggest that turmeric can help ease symptoms of PMS. But perhaps, there may be some truth behind the old wives’ tale. Because of its blood-thinning effects alone, however, pregnant women are recommended to avoid taking turmeric supplements. Adding small amounts of turmeric as a spice to food or meals shouldn’t be a problem.
The Takeaway of Turmeric
It appears that there are many health benefits to including turmeric as a part of your regular diet. The golden spice supports a healthy immune system, helps relieve chronic pain, and can even help promote healthy digestion, among other health benefits. However, because of some of its health risks and side effects, turmeric or curcumin may not be worth taking for several people. It’s essential to utilize caution when deciding whether turmeric is something you may want to try. As with any alternative treatment option, talk with your doctor before you utilize turmeric to treat any health issue. If you want to buy a turmeric or curcumin supplement, then there is an excellent selection online with thousands of great customer reviews.
Turmeric, or curcumin, is a powerful, natural remedy which has been demonstrated to have many health benefits, especially for chronic pain and inflammation, among others. However, too much of the powerful, golden spice can also have several health risks and side effects. It’s fundamental to talk to a healthcare professional to discuss if turmeric or curcumin is a good treatment option. Turmeric, or curcumin, can be utilized for a variety of health issues, including arthritis and fibromyalgia. Make sure to talk to a doctor before using turmeric or curcumin supplements. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
How often do you feel unclear thoughts or concentration and brain fog? How often do you experience pain, discomfort, and/or inflammation? How often do you feel mental and physical fatigue after eating meals? Inflammation is an essential immune response, however, chronic inflammation, especially in the brain and the joints, can cause a variety of health issues. Fortunately, there are many natural remedies that can help reduce inflammation, including turmeric or curcumin.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you feel more susceptible to pain, discomfort, and inflammation? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects about 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the adult population throughout the world. Evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a fundamental role in the management of an abnormal immune response and inhibition of inflammation. The ANS regulates cytokine production through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, including the efferent vagus nerve, the neurotransmitter ACh, and its receptors (α7 nicotinic ACh receptor, α7 nAChR).
Turmeric, or curcumin, has historically been utilized as a spice and a medicinal herb in India and China. Evidence suggests that curcumin affects diverse bioactivities. In recent years, a variety of research studies have shown that consuming curcumin considerably ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A clinical trial has shown that curcumin is a safe and effective natural remedy for RA patients. However, pharmacokinetic research studies have shown that its bioavailability can be very poor which raises the question, how does curcumin, or turmeric, produce an anti-inflammatory effect?
Curcumin, the Gut-Brain Axis, and Inflammation
Researchers believe that they have found how curcumin, or the natural phenol compounds found in turmeric, can ultimately help reduce inflammation. Curcumin-containing turmeric is commonly given to horses by their owners due to its perceived anti-inflammatory properties. As a matter of fact, researchers have shown the ability of curcuminoids to reduce inflammation in aging horses. In one research study, researchers writing in the Journal of Neuroinflammation described their findings with rats that had collagen-induced arthritis to learn more about the performance of curcumin. The research team stated that several research studies had shown that taking curcumin by mouth reduced collagen-induced arthritis.
During another clinical trial, the findings had shown that curcumin was safe and effective for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, the research study had also shown that its bioavailability was poor, which raised questions about how curcumin produced its anti-inflammatory effect. They then evaluated whether the gut-brain axis was involved in its therapeutic action. The researchers found that curcumin reduced collagen-induced arthritis through the gut-brain axis by controlling the function of the cholinergic system. The cholinergic system consists of nerve cells that utilize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is associated with cognition, memory, selective attention, and emotional processing.
The research study team believes that targeting the gut cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway could be a promising treatment approach for rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as with other inflammatory disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, characterized by an imbalanced autonomic nervous system. Previous research studies also suggested that curcumin activated its effects in a gut-dependent way. The gut is a sensory organ, which sends signals from the lumen to the central nervous system, which in turn sends signals to peripheral tissues or organs. Surprisingly, recent research studies ultimately show that curcumin has regulatory effects on the gut microbiota in several circumstances and that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of arthritis. “It is possible that curcumin affects the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway through the gut-brain axis via modulation of the gut microbiota”, stated the research study team.
How Turmeric Changes the Gut Microbiome
Further research studies are still required to continue to explain the turmeric paradox: efficacy despite poor bioavailability. One possible hypothesis as to how curcumin and turmeric change the gut microbiome, according to the first human clinical research study evaluating its effects, is that the gastrointestinal effects of the spice may have wider-reaching systemic effects. Previous research studies show that curcumin can considerably alter gut microbiota where these alterations of the composition and/ or metabolic activity of gut bacteria may in part explain the therapeutic benefits of curcumin.
To demonstrate how curcumin alters gut bacteria in humans, a research study involved a group of people taking turmeric (3000 mg turmeric root plus 3.75 mg black pepper–derived extract of piperine alkaloid [BioPerine]), curcumin (3000 mg of curcumin [Curcumin C3 Complex] plus 3.75 mg BioPerine) or placebo, twice daily for 8-weeks. Utilizing gut microbial DNA sequencing it was found that both turmeric and curcumin changed the gut microbiota in a highly similar manner, with the research study team suggesting that curcumin may drive the majority of changes observed in turmeric-treated subjects.
Overall, turmeric and curcumin increased bacterial species richness. Surprisingly, although the gut microbiota response was highly individual, there were several concordances in response to turmeric/ curcumin. “Responsive” subjects had a similar microbial signature involving uniform increases in species of polysaccharide-degrading and hydrogen-consuming bacteria.
“This research study in healthy subjects has potentially raised more intriguing questions than it has fully answered and emphasizes the complexity of human intervention research studies intending to evaluate the effects of these potentially powerful herbal medicines,” stated the research study investigators. One hypothesis they suggest is that individual variations in turmeric absorption may result in the observed variations in prebiotic-like effects. “Future research studies that include a larger human cohort will clarify whether the responsive microbiota we identified here is representative and whether less prevalent response signatures in our data may be clearly defined with additional participants,” they concluded.
If there is definitely a fundamental role of the gut microbiome in regulating individual responses to turmeric and/ or curcumin more research studies in this field could help support the understanding of its health benefits in the context of personalized nutrition, especially for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, among patients with inflammatory health issues.
Turmeric, or curcumin, is a powerful, natural remedy which has been demonstrated to have many health benefits, especially for brain health. According to many research studies, turmeric or curcumin can help reduce inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among that of other inflammatory diseases. Although further research studies are still required to establish this as a fact, the current findings suggest that curcumin, or turmeric, is a safe and effective treatment for chronic inflammation. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
In honor of Governor Abbott’s proclamation, October is Chiropractic Health Month. Learn more about the proposal.
How often do you feel more susceptible to pain, discomfort, and inflammation? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects about 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the adult population throughout the world. Evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a fundamental role in the management of an abnormal immune response and inhibition of inflammation. The ANS regulates cytokine production through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, including the efferent vagus nerve, the neurotransmitter ACh, and its receptors (α7 nicotinic ACh receptor, α7 nAChR).
Turmeric, or curcumin, has historically been utilized as a spice and a medicinal herb in India and China. Evidence suggests that curcumin affects diverse bioactivities. In recent years, a variety of research studies have shown that consuming curcumin considerably ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A clinical trial has shown that curcumin is a safe and effective natural remedy for RA patients. While research studies show that its bioavailability can be very poor, curcumin or turmeric produces an anti-inflammatory effect by ultimately affecting the gut-brain axis and changing the gut microbiome.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you get fatigued after meals? How often do you have difficulty falling into deep, restful sleep? How often do you feel more susceptible to pain? Chronic brain inflammation can cause numerous symptoms which are commonly associated with a wide variety of neurological diseases. Fortunately, researchers and healthcare professionals have found a natural remedy that can help improve chronic brain inflammation and it can provide many more health benefits: turmeric.
For centuries, researchers and healthcare professionals alike have been studying the many health benefits of turmeric. In recent decades, however, research studies are attempting to verify the claims of our ancestors by testing turmeric in numerous clinical trials. Curcumin has been shown to have a wide variety of healing properties and practical uses. However, can turmeric improve chronic brain inflammation? In this article, we will discuss the benefits of turmeric for brain health.
Turmeric and Brain Health
Turmeric, or curcumin, supplements have shown tremendous potential towards the safe and effective treatment of a variety of health issues. Research studies show that turmeric can help relieve arthritis and joint pain, lower blood pressure, and even enhance skincare. Turmeric may also ultimately help improve allergy symptoms and it may also help promote weight loss.
New evidence from several research studies also suggests that turmeric may provide considerable health benefits for overall brain health, including the prevention of neurological diseases. Curcumin contains neuroprotective properties that can help preserve mental acuity. Therefore, turmeric may have the ability to boost memory function, reduce brain fog, and enhance overall cognition. Before we evaluate the research studies, we will discuss memory and brain fog in a bit more detail.
Understanding Memory and Brain Fog
The lack of mental clarity is commonly associated with the inability to focus, poor levels of concentration, and memory problems. Best known as brain fog, or mental fatigue, this is a collection of symptoms related to reduced brain function rather than a single health issue. The brain is an extremely complex organ. The extent with which turmeric can help depends on the cause of your brain fog, which we will discuss shortly. First, let’s review several core functions of the human brain.
Cognition is the mental process of knowledge acquisition and understanding it through experience, senses, and thought. Cognition encompasses several aspects of intellectual function, including memory, reasoning, judgment, problem-solving, decision making, computation, and evaluation.
Memory is our brain’s ability to encode, store, retain, and recall experiences or information. It’s the total sum of this data built up over time with a set of encoded neural connections in the brain. Think of it as the information processing system composed of short-term (working) memory, long-term memory, and sensory processing.
Learning, although similar, is not the same as a memory. This process involves information acquisition, which causes neurons to activate together in specific patterns, increasing the likelihood of them triggering together for future retrieval. Learning also includes modifying existing knowledge, skills, or behavior.
Neuroplasticity, commonly referred to as brain plasticity, is the aptitude for the brain to change continuously during an individual’s life. This process involves the strengthening or weakening of synapses, optimization of neural networks, and one’s capacity to learn and memorize new information.
Turmeric and Brain Health: Benefits of Curcumin
One research study evaluated the effects of turmeric, or curcumin, on cognition and mood in a group of healthy, elderly individuals. The clinical trial included 60 subjects ranging between the ages of 60 and 85 years old, which consumed a 400 mg dose of curcumin. The research study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and randomized clinical trial.
One hour post-administration, researchers found considerable performance improvements in working memory tasks and sustained attention span compared to the placebo group. After four additional weeks of treatment, the turmeric, or curcumin, group experienced reduced psychological stress-induced fatigue, enhanced mood, and a better sense of calmness.
Finally, the research study showed improvements in overall alertness and contentedness. Turmeric ultimately appears that it can also help enhance memory, focus, and concentration as well as cognition in elderly populations, among others.
There are several mechanisms of action that turmeric takes on the human body to help prevent cognitive impairment. Turmeric reduces chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, enhances antioxidant activity, and reduces oxidative stress.
By fighting free radicals in the human body, turmeric has also shown the potential to preserve neuronal integrity, which can inhibit the progression of cognitive decline. Furthermore, these processes demonstrate an innate ability to slow down brain aging and reduce brain fog symptomology caused by aging and disease, decreasing the risk or neurological diseases.
Turmeric may also improve DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, synthesis. DHA is the fatty acid most closely associated with brain health, brain development, and neuroprotection. If you have a DHA deficiency, you leave yourself at risk of developing several cognitive disorders, including anxiety, memory problems, inability to focus, etc. Researchers have found that turmeric increases multiple enzymes responsible for the synthesis of DHA from its precursor, alpha-lipoic acid, or ALA.
According to research studies, another way in which curcumin can help improve brain health is by reducing the neurotoxicity caused by fluoride. It’s well-known that fluoride may have adverse effects on mental health and other core biological functions. Researchers performed a clinical trial testing curcumin’s neuroprotective health benefits on a group of mice.
The results of the research study showed that fluoride increased lipid peroxidation, or LPO, a major cause of damage to cell membranes. In addition, fluoride also increased the number of neurodegenerative cells present in the hippocampus. With 30 days of curcumin administration from the research study, there was a considerable decrease in neurodegeneration and LPO.
A second animal research study utilized curcumin to evaluate its effects on cognition and neurogenesis in a group of aged rats. Neurogenesis refers to the process of developing new neurons in the brain. Following the 12-week treatment period, researchers in the research study were ultimately able to demonstrate increased cognition and neurogenesis in the rats.
The treated group also experienced enhanced spatial and non-spatial memory. These results suggest that turmeric may affect neuronal development, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and signal transduction, among other brain functions.
Additionally, another fundamental protein for cognition is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, which promotes the growth and maturation of brain cells or, neurons. According to research studies, turmeric has shown that it can considerably help improve BDNF levels in people with premenstrual syndrome or PMS, diabetes, and obesity.
The last research study we will look at further supports the hypothesis of utilizing turmeric to improve memory and reduce brain fog. A group of chronically stressed rats were given turmeric throughout a 20-day treatment period.
Following turmeric administration, there was a notable reversal of impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, followed by increases in serotonin receptors and BDNF. The results of the research study ultimately suggest that turmeric, or curcumin, may overcome stress-induced abnormalities in the brain that can inhibit cognitive function, among other brain functions.
Turmeric, or curcumin, is a powerful, natural remedy which has been demonstrated to have many health benefits, especially for brain health. Regarded as an antioxidant with anti-cancer, antidepressant, and anti-aging properties, turmeric can do much more than improve memory and brain fog. According to many research studies, turmeric or curcumin can help reduce brain inflammation or neuroinflammation by blocking the production of proinflammatory cytokines. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
In honor of Governor Abbott’s proclamation, October is Chiropractic Health Month. Learn more about the proposal.
How often do you get fatigued after meals? How often do you have difficulty falling into deep, restful sleep? How often do you feel more susceptible to pain? Chronic brain inflammation can cause numerous symptoms which are commonly associated with a wide variety of neurological diseases. Fortunately, researchers and healthcare professionals have found a natural remedy that can help improve chronic brain inflammation and it can provide many more health benefits: turmeric.
For centuries, researchers and healthcare professionals alike have been studying the many health benefits of turmeric. In recent decades, however, research studies are attempting to verify the claims of our ancestors by testing turmeric in numerous clinical trials. Curcumin has been shown to have a wide variety of healing properties and practical uses. However, can turmeric improve chronic brain inflammation? In this article, we will discuss the benefits of turmeric for brain health.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you feel agitated, easily upset, and nervous between meals? How often do you depend on coffee to keep yourself going?How often do you have difficulty concentrating before eating? Inflammation is an essential reaction of the human body. It’s triggered by the immune system to protect us from injury, infection, and/or illness. However, what happens if there is too much inflammation in the human body? And, what happens if there is too much inflammation in the brain?
Neuroinflammation can cause a variety of health issues, such as anxiety, stress, depression, brain fog, fatigue, and even lethargy, among other well-known symptoms. Fortunately, there is one natural remedy that can help tremendously reduce inflammation and improve brain function. According to research studies, curcumin can help combat neuroinflammation. The purpose of the article below is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in microglia, brain health, and wellness.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in Microglial Cells
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) induces neuroinflammatory molecules, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, suppression of neuroinflammatory molecules could be developed as a therapeutic method. Although previous data supports an immune-modulating effect of curcumin, the underlying signaling pathways are largely unidentified. Here, we investigated curcumin’s anti-neuroinflammatory properties in LTA-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Nitric Oxide (NO] secretion in LTA-induced microglial cells were inhibited by curcumin. Curcumin also inhibited LTA-induced inducible NO synthases (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Subsequently, our mechanistic studies revealed that curcumin inhibited LTA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) including ERK, p38, Akt, and translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, curcumin induced hemeoxygenase (HO)-1HO-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression in microglial cells. Inhibition of HO-1 reversed the inhibition effect of HO-1 on inflammatory mediators released in LTA-stimulated microglial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that curcumin could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders via suppressing neuroinflammatory responses. Keywords:curcumin, neuroinflammation, TLR2, HO-1, microglial cells
Introduction
Chronic neuroinflammation plays an important role in various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) (Spangenberg and Green, 2017). Neuroinflammation is interceded by the activation of microglia, the prime effector cells and resident immune cells of the CNS (Nakagawa and Chiba, 2015). Microglial cells can be activated in response to neuronal death or neuronal damage induced by neuroinflammatory responses or by extracellular toxins, such as bacteria and pathogens (Larochelle et al., 2015). In neuroinflammation, activated microglia releases various kinds of cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species for the development and maintenance of inflammatory responses (Moss and Bates, 2001). Excessive production of these inflammatory mediators could cause neuronal damage and death. Accumulated evidence suggests that control of microglial activation could attenuate the severity of neurodegenerative disease (Perry et al., 2010). Therefore, the development of anti-neuro-inflammatory agents for the inhibition of microglial activation could be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Microglia express pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that can bind to pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), respectively (Jack et al., 2005). TLRs, a major class of PRRs, play a crucial role in host defense by inducing innate immune responses. Increasingly, studies have indicated that TLR2 agonist LTA is involved in the pathogenesis of CNS infectious diseases and can induce neuronal damage (Neher et al., 2011). Inhibition of TLR2 activation attenuates microglial cell activation and amyloid β accumulation in the brain (McDonald et al., 2016; Hossain et al., 2017). Signal transduction via TLR2 is mediated by different adaptor proteins, including MyD88, which promotes downstream signaling via MAPK and NF-κB activation leading to the expression of inflammatory mediators (Larochelle et al., 2015).
Inflammatory and oxidative molecules are very potent activators of Keap-Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), which induces the expression of Phase II detoxification enzymes to adapt to the oxidative stress condition (Rojo et al., 2010). Usually, Nrf2 acts in an inactive form. Upon stimulation, Nrf2 separates from Keap1 and translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) to activate the transcription of antioxidant genes for cytoprotection (Ma, 2013; Cho et al., 2015). One of the Nrf2-regulated genes is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which has an ARE sequence in its promoter region. Recently, HO-1 has been reported to be a predominant factor in controlling oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases (Schipper et al., 2009). HO-1 is the first inducible rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme into by-products. HO-1 may provide neuroprotection or neurotoxic effect because of the balance between the beneficial and toxic effects of heme and heme products (Mancuso et al., 2010). One by-product of HO-1, Bilirubin, has been demonstrated to protect neurons from oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Bilirubin can be oxidized to biliverdin by scavenging peroxyl radicals (Chen, 2014). It has been suggested that HO-1, biliverdin, and CO have anti-inflammatory properties (Jazwa and Cuadrado, 2010). Another study has suggested that mice lacking HO-1 were vulnerable to pro-inflammatory stimuli and developed chronic inflammation due to reduced iron levels (Chora et al., 2007). Furthermore, a recent study suggested that the up-regulation of the Nrf2 and HO-1 pathways significantly inhibited the inflammatory reaction in activated microglia (Kim et al., 2016). Nrf2 inhibited microglial hyperactivation by suppressing p38 MAPK and the NF-κB signaling pathway (Kim B.W. et al., 2013). Knockdown of Nrf2 in mice was shown to be hypersensitive to neuroinflammation, as indicated by an increase in the inflammatory markers iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α (Rojo et al., 2010). Consequently, Nrf2 and HO-1 have been considered as important therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases (Koh et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2014).
Curcumin, the main curcuminoid isolated from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) has been used for centuries in Southeast Asia both as a medicinal remedy and as food (Kunnumakkara et al., 2017). Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, ar-turmerone, α-turmerone, and β-turmerone are the major bioactive compounds found in C. longa. In modern pharmacological studies, C. longa constituents, particularly curcumin, have shown promising pharmacological activities due to its anti-neuroinflammatory, neuroprotective, chemopreventive, immunomodulatory, and potentially chemotherapeutic effects (Garcia-Alloza et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2017). A previous study showed that curcumin inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting a potential role of curcumin in anti-Gram-negative bacterial infection (Zhou et al., 2017) and both in vivo and in vitro research have shown that curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects (Garcia-Alloza et al., 2007; Prakobwong et al., 2011; Parada et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016). Furthermore, curcumin has also been reported to promote the development of the M2 microglial phenotype in an HO-1-dependent manner and reduce iNOS induction, protecting microglial cells against oxidative stress (Parada et al., 2015). In the present study, we investigated whether curcumin could affect LTA-induced microglial activation. The TLR2 ligand LTA is a major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. We show that curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LTA-stimulated BV2 microglia through activation of HO-1/Nrf2/ARE cytoprotective mechanisms.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Curcumin and other reagents were purchased from Sigma (C7727, >80%, St. Louis, MO, United States). Protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) and antibodies directed against HO-1 (sc-390991) – Nrf2 (sc-722), TATA-binding protein (TBP; sc-74595), α-tubulin (sc-134237), and β-actin (sc-130065) – were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., (Dallas, TX, United States). Antibodies directed against iNOS (13120) – phosphorylated (p)-MAPK (9910s), MAPK (9926), protein kinase B (Akt; 4685), p-Akt (13038), and an NF-κB pathway kit (9936) – were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., (Danvers, MA, United States). LTA was obtained from InvivoGen (tlrl-pslta,Toulouse, France). Additionally, JNK inhibitor (JNK inhibitor II; 420119), Akt inhibitor (wortmannin; 12-338), ERK inhibitor (PD98059, 513000), and p38 inhibitor (SB230580, 559395) were purchased from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, United States). The cell culture medium, DMEM, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco BRL (now Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, United States).
Cell Culture
Mouse BV-2 microglial cells were purchased from ATCC. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS and 0.1% penicillin-streptomycin (BioSource International, Camarillo, CA, United States) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air.
Cell Viability Assay
The cytotoxicity of curcumin was assessed using a microculture [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT)-based colorimetric assay. Cells were incubated in 24-well plates at a density of 5 × 105 cells per well. The MTT solution (5 ml of 5 mg/ml) was added to each well (final concentration 62.5 mg/ml). After incubation for 3 h at 37°C in 5% CO2, the supernatant was removed and the formazan crystals produced in viable cells were solubilized with 150 ml of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The absorbance of each well was then read at 570 nm using a microplate reader (Wallac 1420; PerkinElmer, Inc., Boston, MA, United States).
Measurement of Nitrite Concentration
NO synthesis in cell cultures was measured by the Griess method with microplate. To measure nitrite, 100-μl aliquots were removed from the conditioned medium and incubated with an equal volume of the Griess reagent [1% sulfanilamide/0.1%N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediaminedihydrochloride/2.5% H3PO4] at room temperature for 10 min. The nitrite concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 540 nm with a Vmax 96-well microplate spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA, United States). Sodium nitrite was used as a standard.
Measurement of TNF-α and PGE2 Concentration
The cells were incubated first with various concentrations of curcumin for 1 h and then with LTA for 16 h. Following 24 h incubation, TNF-α and PGE2 levels were quantified in the culture media using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, United States) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Preparation of Nuclear Extract
BV-2 microglial cells were washed three times with cold PBS and collected in 3000 μl PBS using centrifugation at 800 ×g for 5 min (4°C). The cell pellets were suspended in buffer A [10 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.9); 1.5 mM MgCl2; 10 mM KCl; 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT); 0.2 mM protease inhibitor (PI)] and incubated for 5 min on ice. Buffer B [10 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.9); 1.5 mM MgCl2; 420 mM NaCl; 0.2 mM EDTA; glycerol 25% v/v; 0.1 mM DTT; 0.2 mM PI] was added to the cell extract and was incubated on ice for 5 min prior to centrifugation at 11,000 ×g for 1 min at 4°C. Nuclear proteins were extracted with the addition of complete lysis buffer B [10 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.9); 1.5 mM MgCl2; 10 mM KCl; 0.5 mM DTT; 0.2 mM PI; 25% (w/v) glycerin; 420 mM NaCl; 0.2 mM EDTA] for 30 min at 4°C with occasional vortexing. Following centrifugation at 11,000 ×g for 5 min at 4°C, the supernatants were collected and stored at -70°C.
Western Blot Analysis
BV-2 cells were harvested in an ice-cold lysis buffer (1% Triton X-100; 1% deoxycholate; 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate). The protein content of the cell lysates was subsequently determined using Bradford reagent (Bio-Rad Protein Assay Kit I5000001; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, United States). Total proteins in each sample (50 μg) were separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Following blocking of the non-specific binding sites with 5% non-fat milk at room temperature for 30 min, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies directed against iNOS (1:500), p-Akt (1:1,000), p-MAPK (1:1,000), MAPK (1:1,000), p-p65, p65 (1:500), p-IκBα, IκBα (1:1,000), HO-1 (1:1,000), Nrf2 (1:1,000), TBP (1:3,000), α (1:1,000), HO-1 (1:1.0), and actin (1:3,000) for 16 h at 4°C. This was followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit (sc-2768; 1:5,000) or anti-mouse (sc-2371; 1:5,000) secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) at room temperature for 1 h. Tubulin was used as the loading control for each lane. The proteins were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, United States). Following washing with PBS with Tween-20, the protein bands were visualized using the Gel Docsed as the loading control for each lane. The proteins were visualized using a Quant 350 analyzer (GE Healthcare).
Real-Time RT-PCR
Total RNA was isolated from cells using an RNA spin miniRNA isolation kit (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA using Maxime RT PreMix (Takara, Gyeonggi-do, Japan) and anchored oligo-dT15-primers. Real-time PCR was performed using a Chromo4TM instrument (Bio-Rad) and SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, United States). Relative amounts of target mRNA were determined using the comparative threshold (Ct) method by normalizing target mRNA Ct values to those for β-actin (Ct). Prime sequences used in the study were shown in Table 1.
Statistical Analysis
Data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation, SD). Each experiment was repeated at least three times. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for GraphPad Prism software (version 16.0) to determine significant differences. We used either Student’s t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunn’s post hoc tests for analyses. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
Curcumin Did Not Affect Cell Viability
Cell viability experiments were carried out to determine whether concentrations of curcumin used in this study affected the viability of BV2 microglia. Figure 1 shows that curcumin at the concentration range of 5–20 μM, together with or without 5 μg/ml LTA, did not produce cytotoxicity in BV2 microglia. Therefore, we used these concentrations of curcumin for further study.
Curcumin Prevented the Production of Neuroinflammatory Molecules in LTA-Activated BV2 Microglia
To investigate the effects of curcumin on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, BV2 cells were treated with LTA in the presence and absence of curcumin for 24 h. Curcumin was not removed before LTA addition. Release of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by curcumin (Figures 2A–C). Furthermore, LTA increased the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Incubation with curcumin suppressed the mRNA expression of COX-2 and iNOS in BV2 microglial cells stimulated by LTA in a concentration-dependent manner (Figures 2D, E).
Curcumin Suppressed LTA-Induced Activation of NF-κB in BV-2 Microglial Cells
The genes encoding inflammatory protein expression in response to microglial activation were under the transcription control of NF-κB. Therefore, we examined the effect of curcumin on the activation of NF-κB in LTA-stimulated microglial cells. The results showed that LTA induced a characteristic increase in the phosphorylation of IκBα. Following pre-treatment with curcumin, levels of p-IκBα were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 3 and Supplementary Figure S1). Consistently, the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit induced by LTA was also attenuated by pre-treatment with curcumin. Taken together, curcumin likely attenuates the expression of neuroinflammatory molecules by suppressing the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB. Quantification with statistical analysis was provided as supporting data.
Curcumin Inhibited LTA-Induced Activation of p38, and ERK MAPK in BV-2 Microglial Cells
Apart from NF-κB, MAPKs are also upstream modulators of neuroinflammatory molecules in microglial cells. Previous studies showed that curcumin antagonized LPS-induced MAPKs phosphorylation in microphage (Yang et al., 2008; Kunnumakkara et al., 2017). To investigate whether curcumin inhibits neuroinflammation through regulating MAPKs, we examined its effects on LTA-induced MAPK phosphorylation. BV-2 microglial cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of curcumin for 3 h and were then stimulated with LTA for 1 h. As shown in Figure 4A and Supplementary Figure S2, curcumin inhibited LTA-induced ERK, p38, and Akt phosphorylation. However, up to 20 μM curcumin did not affect LTA-induced JNK phosphorylation. MAPKs pathway has been reported to mediate the production of cytokines, chemokine, and other neuroinflammatory molecules. Therefore, we next investigated the role of ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt in BV2 cells’ neuroinflammatory molecule production using the ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt inhibitors. However, only the p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased LTA-induced release of NO and mRNA expression levels of iNOS (Figures 4B, C). Although phosphorylation of JNK was not inhibited by curcumin, the JNK inhibitor II significantly inhibited LTA-induced NO release (Figure 4B). The results suggest that MAPKs’ signaling pathways are involved in curcumin’s anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LTA-stimulated microglial. Quantification with statistical analysis is provided as supporting data.
Inhibition of HO-1 Signaling Abolished Curcumin’s Inhibitory Effect on Neuroinflammatory Responses
HO-1 acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant modulator in microglia (Schipper et al., 2009). Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that curcumin upregulated HO-1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels, as shown in Figures 5A–D and Supplementary Figure S3. The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was maximally increased in BV-2 microglial cells treated with 20μM curcumin for 4 h and 8 h respectively. Furthermore, curcumin increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation within 1 h and prolonged its nuclear translocation state to 2 h (Figures 5E, F and Supplementary Figure S3). Next, we investigated whether curcumin-induced HO-1 mediated an anti-neuroinflammatory response in LTA-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. We treated cells with the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP. We then evaluated curcumin’s effect on LTA-induced NO and TNF-α release. Treatment with SnPP significantly suppressed curcumin-mediated inhibition of NO and TNF-a release (Figures 5G, H). Taken together, these results reveal that curcumin-dependent HO-1 and Nrf-2 signal activation plays a crucial role in downregulating neuroinflammatory responses. Quantification with statistical analysis is provided as supporting data.
Discussion
Microglia, the major resident macrophages of the CNS, has been reported to be the main effector cells in mediating neuroinflammation and selective neuronal death (Perry et al., 2010). Microglial cells increase the production of neuroinflammatory molecules after exposure to activators such as LPS and LTA via their surface receptors, TLR4 and TLR2, respectively (Perry and Holmes, 2014; Hossain et al., 2017). Increased expression and activation of TLR2 is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD and dementia (Dzamko et al., 2017). For example, activation of TLR2 could upregulate α-synuclein in PD brains and play important roles in the pathogenesis of PD brains (Roodveldt et al., 2013). In addition, Kim C. et al. (2013) also showed that neurodegeneration was attenuated by either knockout or knockdown of TLR2 in rodent PD models. Thus, controlling TLR2-mediated microglia activation and neurotoxicity has been suggested as an important therapeutic approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases. A potential agent in this process could be curcumin, which has been shown to exert neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects in various experiment models (Parada et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016). Curcumin is a highly lipophilic natural compound. A previous study has well demonstrated that curcumin is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and that it is mainly concentrated in the hippocampus in the brain (Tsai et al., 2011). Some studies reported that curcumin inhibited HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal damage and provided anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LPS-induced microglia (Gong et al., 2012). This protective effect of curcumin seems to be dependent on its anti-inflammatory actions. Curcumin could protect neurons against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity while becoming inefficient under microglia-depleted conditions (Park et al., 2001; Yang et al., 2008; Parada et al., 2015). Similar studies in peripheral cells also showed the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin. Using RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, studies have shown that curcumin inhibited PGE2, NO, and TNF-α release following LPS stimulation (Pae et al., 2008). However, the effects of curcumin on TLR2-induced neuroinflammation in microglial cells are not fully understood.
Regulation of the signaling pathways in activated microglia is important in maintaining CNS homeostasis because deregulated neuroinflammatory responses can result in the death of adjacent neurons through the release of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, NO, and ROS (Perry and Holmes, 2014; Spangenberg and Green, 2017). For example, excessive NO synthesis under endotoxins results in the formation of reactive nitrogen species and neuronal cell death (Perry et al., 2010). PGE2 has also been shown to contribute to neuronal death through activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in microglia (Xia et al., 2015). In this present study, we showed that curcumin inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, NO, and PGE2, and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in BV2 microglia stimulated with LTA. We further showed that curcumin attenuated these effects of LTA without altering cell survival, suggesting that curcumin is safe and could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in neuroinflammation.
NF-κB is the main transcription factor which plays critical roles in regulating redox homeostasis. NF-κB is considered the master regulator of microglial inflammatory responses to neuronal injury (Acharyya et al., 2007). Recent studies showed that NF-κB activation controlled the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as NO, PGE2, and TNF-α, and IL-1b production (Acharyya et al., 2007). Therefore, modulation of NF-κB activation is considered a critical way to control microglial activation. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is mediated by the IκB protein. The phosphorylation of IκB results in NF-κB dissociation, which leads to the induction of inflammatory mediators. In this study, it was shown that curcumin produced dual inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, as well as nuclear translocation of p65, suggesting that this agent could stabilize NF-κB in the microglial cytoplasm following stimulation with LTA in BV-2 microglial cells.
In mammalian cells, MAPKs signaling pathways, including ERK, JNK, and p38, contribute to the production of a wide variety of neuroinflammatory mediators (Chantong et al., 2014). In this present study, pre-treatment with curcumin decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK. Furthermore, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced the secretion of NO and the mRNA expression of the key pro-inflammatory gene, iNOS. These results suggested that curcumin initiated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LTA-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells, partially through inhibition of p38 MAPK activation. The PI3K/Akt-dependent signaling pathway promotes inflammatory responses in microglia. The involvement of the Akt pathway has been shown in the expression of inflammatory mediators in microglia through the activation of NF-κB in microglia (Lo et al., 2015). Curcumin suppressed the phosphorylated Akt, the downstream target of PI3K. However, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin did not show any inhibitory effect on the secretion of NO or the mRNA expression of iNOS. Taken together, these data suggest that the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin occurs mainly through inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling.
We also identified the intracellular pathway that negatively regulates the inflammatory-molecule expression in microglial cells. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that regulates microglial inflammatory responses to brain infections. The effect of Nrf2 has been described in different in vivo models where knockdown of Nrf2 in mice enhanced vulnerability to asthma or emphysema (Ma, 2013). Moreover, the TLR2/TLR4 agonist promoted inflammatory responses in Nrf2 KO mice compared to WT mice (Kong et al., 2011). In the current study, we showed that curcumin increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream protein HO-1. HO-1 is a key signaling molecule implicated in the regulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. The HO-1 gene has an ARE sequence in its promoter region, which is a binding site for the transcription factor Nrf2. Several studies have proposed that NF-κB interrupts the Nrf-2-ARE signaling pathway because many compounds that induced HO-1 and Nrf2 signaling incidentally repressed NF-κB activation (Li et al., 2016). HO-1 expression was essential for the microglial specific cytoprotective effect (Parada et al., 2015). Several studies have also shown an inverse correlation between HO-1 and inflammatory mediator secretion (Chora et al., 2007; Parada et al., 2015). In agreement, we observed that curcumin alone induced the expression of HO-1 in microglial cells. Furthermore, the HO-1 inhibitor abrogated curcumin anti-inflammatory effect in BV-2 microglial cells.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that curcumin had anti-inflammatory activity in LTA-stimulated microglial cells that may through inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation, and may induce the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 (Figure 6). Furthermore, curcumin does not have cytotoxic effects in BV-2 microglial cells at its anti-inflammatory dose. Curcumin may have therapeutic potential for some neuroinflammation-associated disorders caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
Curcumin, or turmeric, is a powerful anti-inflammatory which has been demonstrated to have many health benefits. Regarded as an antioxidant with anti-cancer, antidepressant, and anti-aging properties, curcumin can do much more than heal wounds and enhance memory. According to research studies, curcumin or turmeric can help reduce neuroinflammation or brain inflammation. This powerful anti-inflammatory can block the production of proinflammatory cytokines and promote overall well-being. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Neurotransmitter Assessment Form
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The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
In honor of Governor Abbott’s proclamation, October is Chiropractic Health Month. Learn more about the proposal.
How often do you feel agitated, easily upset, and nervous between meals? How often do you depend on coffee to keep yourself going?How often do you have difficulty concentrating before eating? Inflammation is an important response of the human body. It’s activated by the immune system to guard us against injury, infection, and/or illness. However, what happens if there is too much inflammation in the human body? And, what happens if there is too much inflammation in the brain?
Brain inflammation can cause a variety of health issues, such as anxiety, stress, depression, brain fog, fatigue, and even lethargy, among other common symptoms. Fortunately, there is one natural remedy that can help greatly reduce neuroinflammation and improve brain function. According to research studies, curcumin can combat brain inflammation. The purpose of the article above was to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in microglia and brain well-being
The following article has been referenced from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How high is your stress level? How often do you feel overwhelmed? Anxiety is a well-known health issue that is, unfortunately, often misunderstood, especially when it manifests other misunderstood symptoms like brain fog. Brain fog is commonly associated with reduced thinking and processing while anxiety is frequently associated with racing thoughts that can make people overly cautious as well as worries that can keep people awake, wired, and restless. How does anxiety cause brain fog? The purpose of the following article is to understand brain fog associated with anxiety.
How Does Brain Fog with Anxiety Happen?
Brain fog is a symptom rather than a single health issue. It’s described as the sensation that your brain isn’t functioning properly. Anxiety involves symptoms of overthinking, excessive worrying, imagining negative outcomes, and fear. Brain fog and anxiety happens because the symptoms of one health issue can ultimately cause the symptoms of the other health issue and vice versa. This can also worsen both conditions. Brain fog and anxiety can cause an infinite loop.
Anxiety involves “what-ifs,” ruminations, and negative thinking
This can then lead to mental exhaustion or fatigue
Fatigue can also develop brain fog
Brain fog can in turn increase anxiety because it feels frightening, worrisome
Increased anxiety causes this cycle to repeat, seemingly endlessly
Brain fog associated with anxiety may vary from person to person. Several people will experience it often while others will experience it less frequently. It can also come and go quickly, or it can ultimately last for days, weeks, and even months. Evaluating the symptoms and the causes of brain fog and anxiety will provide insights that can be used for treatment.
Symptoms of Brain Fog with Anxiety
Brain fog and anxiety share a common symptom, frequently referred to as fatigue or tiredness. Brain fog, anxiety, and fatigue are well-known symptoms that are often connected. However, fatigue is believed to be at the heart of brain fog and anxiety. Anxiety appears to take control of our entire brain and aggravates thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Living in a state of constant anxiety is exhausting. Moreover, anxiety can cause sleeping problems. Fatigue can lead directly to brain fog. Common symptoms of brain fog, anxiety, and fatigue can ultimately include:
Difficulty concentrating and focusing
Muddled, unclear thoughts
Short-term memory problems
Difficulty reasoning logically
Trouble processing, storing, and retrieving information
Living in a fog that makes grasping comments, instructions, and conversations challenging
The vague sense that you just feel “off” but can’t do anything about it
Causes of Brain Fog with Anxiety
The brain fog that occurs with anxiety can have several causes, including:
The symptoms of anxiety, as previously discussed above
The brain’s mental, physical, and emotional response to anxiety
Stress as well as stress hormones and other substances or chemicals.
Understanding the cause of brain fog with anxiety can increase awareness of why these health issues can develop. The brain’s own reaction to anxiety can also make it feel tired and foggy. The fight-or-flight response is an automatic fear response. The brain reacts in response to an extreme stressor to prepare to either stay and fight or run away to safety.
Activity in the cortex, the area of rational thinking, decreases, which leads to the inability to think properly
Activity in the hippocampus, the area responsible for learning and memory, is suppressed, causing confusion
Activity in the amygdala accelerates to keep you hypervigilant and ready to leap before you look
The brain also controls the production of hormones in reaction to stress and anxiety. Cortisol, adrenaline, and norepinephrine travel through the brain and the body to keep you alert and ready for action but when these hormones are triggered for too long or in quantities that are too high, they overwhelm and exhaust the brain, causing brain fog.
Treatment for Brain Fog and Anxiety
The best treatment for brain fog associated with anxiety is to treat it at its source. It’s essential to understand the symptoms of both brain fog and anxiety as well as take steps to reduce other symptoms like fatigue. Furthermore, know what is causing your symptoms so you can ultimately make positive changes to reduce them or even eliminate them, including:
Develop stress management strategies
Take measures to increase the amount and quality of sleep
Address your anxiety, either with a therapist or other qualified healthcare professional
Listen to your body and brain; participate and engage in exercise, yoga, mindfulness, and meditation
Brain fog and anxiety can be difficult. But by actively working on them, you can reduce both and promote overall well-being.
Anxiety can commonly cause a variety of symptoms, including brain fog. Although it may seem like brain fog and anxiety are two separate as well as different health issues, they are frequently connected. Both anxiety and brain fog can cause concentration, focus, and memory problems, and stress is considered to be one of the most well-known causes of brain fog associated with anxiety. Treatment for anxiety and brain fog often involves treating the underlying source of the health issues. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
In honor of Governor Abbott’s proclamation, October is Chiropractic Health Month. Learn more about the proposal.
How high is your stress level? How often do you feel overwhelmed? Anxiety is a well-known health issue that is, unfortunately, often misunderstood, especially when it manifests other misunderstood symptoms like brain fog. Brain fog is commonly associated with reduced thinking and processing while anxiety is frequently associated with racing thoughts that can make people overly cautious as well as worries that can keep people awake, wired, and restless. How does anxiety cause brain fog? The purpose of the following article is to understand brain fog associated with anxiety.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How often do you feel you have something that must be done? How often do you have difficulty concentrating before eating? Do you suffer from migraines and/or headaches? A migraine headache is commonly characterized by a variety of symptoms, including pain and discomfort, photophobia or light sensitivity, dizziness, lethargy, and mood changes. However, one of the most common symptoms of migraine headaches is brain fog, which also causes its own variety of symptoms. In the following article, we will discuss brain fog associated with migraines and offer several simple tips to help manage migraine brain fog.
What is Migraine Brain Fog?
Several people experience migraine-associated brain fog before the severe headaches occur, although it most commonly occurs after the migraines have passed. As a matter of fact, a research study demonstrated that almost 70 percent of people with migraines experience brain fog, which can last from a few hours to several days or more. This percentage may be even higher as symptoms of confusion and difficulty focusing or concentrating are also frequently reported, all of which can suggest the presence of post-migraine brain fog. According to researchers, migraine brain fog can include symptoms such as:
forgetfulness or short-term memory loss
loss of sense of direction
inability to complete everyday tasks and activities
a brain that feels as if it “doesn’t function properly”
feeling as though you’re having to think through a fog
Migraine headache brain fog can make it difficult to participate and engage in daily tasks and activities. Cooking, which requires focus and concentration as well as multiple steps, may feel nearly impossible to do with this health issue. People who suffer from migraines may also feel that driving is downright dangerous, especially if their brain fog is accompanied by a lack of sense of direction. To others, people experiencing migraine brain fog may ultimately appear to be half-asleep.
What Does Brain Fog Really Feel Like?
Many people have experienced moments where they walk into a room only to find out that they can no longer remember why they even walked into the room. Migraine patients, however, experience these symptoms much more frequently and much more severely. They may often find themselves forgetting what they are doing or where they are going, they become easily distracted, or completely lose track of their purpose. Migraine patients have described migraine-associated brain fog as a feeling of disconnection, trouble making complete sentences or thoughts, or simply as a heaviness or numbing of the mind. Several people have characterized it as “feeling dumb.” However, the simple fact is that even the most intelligent individual can feel as though their brain has been reduced to little more than mush with migraine brain fog. This can ultimately also cause feelings of guilt over the lack of productivity and it is often aggravated due to challenges accurately explaining the symptoms of the post-migraine brain fog. It is fundamental for both healthcare professionals and patients to be able to recognize that these symptoms are still associated with migraine headaches, even though the pain may have subsided.
Tips for Managing Migraine Brain Fog
Following a migraine headache, it may be necessary to return to everyday tasks and activities, in spite of the brain fog, including going to school or back to work, taking care of one’s family. The tips below will help ease migraine brain fog.
Write Things Down
Keep a planner, utilize a smartphone, or stick post-its in relevant areas so that you’ll be able to see them later. Lists to track tasks or activities will help give you the confidence you need to know that you are not missing any important to-do items.
Be as Organized as Possible
When your environment is organized, it becomes easier for you to find the things that you are looking for to keep moving forward with regular tasks and activities. Several specific organization strategies can include the following, such as:
Utilizing clearly labeled basket organizers on your desk
Utilizing a filing system that is easy for both you and others to understand
Writing checklists of what you need to accomplish, including grabbing your keys, phone, and wallet, if necessary
Placing medicines into boxes with times and dates so that you will know whether or not you have taken them
Ask for Help if Needed
This is one of the most vital parts of managing migraine brain fog. You can’t always do everything yourself. If you need help, don’t be afraid to seek help from a healthcare professional. Be honest about your needs to achieve migraine brain fog relief.
Brain fog can make people feel as if they’re not able to focus or concentrate accordingly and it’s commonly accompanied by fatigue and even migraine headaches. While brain fog is a symptoms rather than a single health issue, it can also have a variety of causes. Migraine headaches can have a variety of symptoms on their own but migraine-associated brain have has a whole different variety of symptoms. Understanding migraine brain fog and what you can do about the symptoms can help manage migraine brain fog symptoms and promote overall brain health and wellness. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
In honor of Governor Abbott’s proclamation, October is Chiropractic Health Month. Learn more about the proposal.
How often do you feel you have something that must be done? How often do you have difficulty concentrating before eating? Do you suffer from migraines and/or headaches? A migraine headache is commonly characterized by a variety of symptoms, including pain and discomfort, photophobia or light sensitivity, dizziness, lethargy, and mood changes. However, one of the most common symptoms of migraine headaches is brain fog, which also causes its own variety of symptoms. In the article above, we discussed brain fog associated with migraines and offered several simple tips to help manage migraine brain fog. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Do you have difficulty concentrating before eating a meal? Do you experience fatigue after meals? Do you feel as if you’re not getting enough rest or sleep? Do you have noticeable variations in mental speed? If so, you may have brain fog.
What is Brain Fog?
Brain fog is a health issue that can occur due to a variety of factors. You may struggle to focus on everyday tasks, conversations, or even on the words you’re currently reading. You may also have difficulty making choices where minimal decisions can be overwhelming, you may need coffee to concentrate or snacks to stay awake and even alcohol at night to temporarily relieve the brain fog. In severe instances, you may also have headaches, vision problems, and nausea.
What Causes Brain Fog?
Brain fog is a symptom rather than a single health issue. It can occur due to nutrient deficiency, bacterial overgrowth from consuming too much sugar, sleep disorder, depression, or even due to thyroid problems. Other common causes of brain fog can ultimately include eating too much and too often, lack of exercise or physical activity, not getting enough rest or sleep, chronic stress, and a poor diet. Below, we will discuss several of the most common causes of brain fog and brain health issues.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal changes, frequently caused when our body is producing too much or too little of a specific hormone, is a well-known cause of brain fog. Hormone imbalances due to thyroid health issues are associated with brain fog. This is especially true with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid as well as causes inflammation and affects the production of enough thyroid hormones. Low thyroid hormone production or hypothyroidism can cause decreased cognitive function and low blood sugar or glucose levels that can ultimately lead to brain fog.
Lack of Rest or Sleep
Poor sleeping hygiene, such as an irregular sleep and wake time, getting less than seven to eight hours of sleep a night, or blue light exposure before bed, can interrupt our natural circadian rhythm or our internal body clock. This can cause brain fog in a variety of ways. In the instance of blue light exposure close to bedtime, the blue wavelengths can decrease the production of the hormone melatonin, which is essential for deep REM sleep. Both REM and non-REM sleep is necessary for optimal brain function. From 10 pm to 2 am, our body and brain detoxify the most, therefore, staying in an active state throughout this time period can ultimately interrupt our body and brain’s natural detoxification process, which can also cause brain fog.
Nutritional Deficiencies and Food Sensitivities
Vitamin B12 contributes to the production of red blood cells as well as the maintenance of the central nervous system. A vitamin B12 deficiency can affect your energy levels and cause an overall feeling of fatigue. A vitamin D deficiency can also cause brain fog as decreased vitamin D levels are associated with impaired cognitive function. An unidentified food sensitivity can also contribute to brain fog. By way of instance, gluten sensitivities can ultimately lead to cognitive dysfunction through inflammatory pathways. Advanced blood work that analyzes nutrient levels, as well as an elimination diet or a food allergy/sensitivity test, can help determine if any of these could be contributing to your brain fog.
How to Naturally Improve Brain Fog
Do Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting can help improve brain fog. Not only can it help you lose weight, calorie restriction and going long periods of time between meals can also help promote brain health and reduce the risk of neurological diseases. Start by trying to extend the time between the last meal of the day and the first meal of the next day. Ideally, intermittent fasting requires you go 12 hours between eating the last meal of the day and the first meal of the next day. This promotes a process called ketogenesis, which can stimulate brain regeneration. Intermittent fasting should ultimately be practiced after following the guidance of a healthcare professional, such as a health coach, who understands intermittent fasting.
Participate in Exercise or Physical Activity
Neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and even moderate cognitive dysfunction, are more common in sedentary populations. Increased activity levels have been associated with sharper mental acuity, better memory, and positive mood changes. Exercise and physical activity cause the release of substances known as cytokines as well as chemicals known as endorphins. These substances and chemicals ultimately improve brain health and function. Try to engage in exercise or physical activity every day. Walking, running, or even dancing can help improve brain fog and boost your mood.
Rest More and Sleep Better
The most common mistake people make, whether it involves dealing with school, work, or whatever looming project deadline, is that they try to maximize their time by staying up late and/or getting up early. However, this generally backfires because cognitive abilities decrease with sleep deprivation. Rest and sleep at least seven hours a night, preferably eight or even nine if possible. Your efficiency will increase while the time it takes to create quality work will likely decrease.
Reduce Stress
Stress can cause a variety of symptoms, including brain fog. To reduce stress, you also need to learn how to flex your parasympathetic nervous system, which is engaged during rest and relaxation as well as helps to calm your body and your mind. You can help reduce stress by incorporating more meditation and yoga into your daily workout routine.
Feed your Brain
The human brain is made up of a lot of fat and protein. Too much sugar and frozen as well as fried or processed foods are not ideally nourishing for our brain. You can follow a plant-based Paleo diet, consisting mostly of vegetables, protein, and good fats. Also, make sure to get plenty of omega-3 fatty acids, for their anti-inflammatory powers, lots of antioxidants and coenzyme Q10, essential for energy, and boost your body’s energy and regeneration with essential vitamins and minerals.
Brain fog can make people feel as if they’re not able to focus or concentrate accordingly and it’s often accompanied by fatigue and other well-known symptoms. While brain fog is a symptoms rather than a single health issue, it can have a variety of causes, from hormonal changes to lack of rest and sleep to nutritional deficiencies or food sensitivities. Fortunately, there are several steps to help naturally improve brain fog symptoms and promote overall brain health and wellness. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. Symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.
In honor of Governor Abbott’s proclamation, October is Chiropractic Health Month. Learn more about the proposal.
Do you have difficulty concentrating? Do you experience fatigue after meals? Do you feel as if you’re not getting enough rest or sleep? Do you have noticeable variations in mental speed? As previously mentioned above, you may have brain fog. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN’s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link. *XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
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